First generation candidate vaccines against leishmaniasis, prepared using inactivated
whole parasites as their main ingredient, were considered as promising because of their …

Despite decades of investigation in countries on three continents, an efficacious vaccine
against Leishmania infections has not been developed. Although some indication of …

Background Ecological and observational studies suggest that male circumcision reduces
the risk of HIV acquisition in men. Our aim was to investigate the effect of male circumcision …

Background The study tested the hypothesis that community-level control of sexually
transmitted disease (STD) would result in lower incidence of HIV-1 infection in comparison …

Cluster Randomised Trials, Second Edition discusses the design, conduct, and analysis of
trials that randomise groups of individuals to different treatments. It explores the advantages …

Abstract Background Coronavirus-like particles (CoVLP) that are produced in plants and
display the prefusion spike glycoprotein of the original strain of severe acute respiratory …

Objectives: The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to reduce the postnatal
transmission (PNT) of HIV is based on limited data. In the context of a trial of postpartum …

Background Male circumcision significantly reduced the incidence of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men in three clinical trials. We assessed the …

Background Child stunting reduces survival and impairs neurodevelopment. We tested the
independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and …

Background The rate of nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements has
been increasing, and children with exemptions have contributed to outbreaks of vaccine …