Context Low birth weight is implicated as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the
strength, consistency, independence, and shape of the association have not been …

Hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide. Information on the burden
of disease from hypertension is essential in developing effective prevention and control …

Background Pollution of water sources, largely from wide-scale agricultural fertilizer use has
resulted in nitrate and nitrite contamination of drinking water. The effects on human health of …

Background Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across
different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause …

Objective To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as
an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. Design …

Background High body-mass index (BMI) predisposes to several site-specific cancers, but a
large-scale systematic and detailed characterisation of patterns of risk across all common …

Objective: To establish whether fetal growth rate (as distinct from size at birth) is associated
with mortality from ischaemic heart disease. Design: Cohort study based on uniquely …

Background According to published data, between 1984 and 1994 mortality rates in Russia
initially underwent a rapid decline followed by an even steeper increase. In 1994, male life …

Objective: To establish whether the relation between size at birth and non-insulin dependent
diabetes is mediated through impaired β cell function or insulin resistance. Design: Cohort …

Background BMI is known to be strongly associated with all-cause mortality, but few studies
have been large enough to reliably examine associations between BMI and a …