The dynamics of the Brazilian AIDS epidemic was analyzed by occupation, taken as a proxy for individual socioeconomic status. The analysis comprised AIDS cases aged 20-49 and diagnosed in 1987-1998. The temporal trend in AIDS incidence rates was analyzed by sex, occupational category, and quintiles defined by a Brazilian scale for socioeconomic status (SES). The proportions of AIDS cases stratified by SES quintiles were analyzed by exposure category. Among men, incidence rates increased in the 1st time period in almost all occupational categories, decreasing among those classified as "non-manual" occupations during the 2nd period. Among females, an annual increment was observed from 1987 to 1998 in nearly all occupational strata. The highest relative increases were observed among the lowest SES scales for both sexes. The intravenous drug user (IDU) exposure category had the lowest socioeconomic status for both sexes, whereas the homo/bisexual category had the highest. The analysis highlighted a progressive change in the epidemic's social gradient during the period, with a faster spread among the lower socioeconomic strata.