If a transformation in medicine occurs in the wake of the Human Genome Project, its likely focus will be prevention, a logical extension of the lessons of variation and individuality inherent in molecular genetics. The transformation of medicine will require a transformation in genetics education as well, focusing on the development of genetic literacy that allows patient and provider to collaborate as partners in health promotion and disease prevention. The components of genetic literacy include new views of genetics and of disease, and attention to the nature of science, the principles of technology, and ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic medicine.