Original articlePredictors of disability in elderly finnish men—A longitudinal study
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2009, Preventive MedicineCitation Excerpt :Of the three pathways to disability, the most common is associated with chronic conditions that become so severe that they limit function. Studies have reported that chronic morbidities are predictors of disability in people aged ≥ 65 years (Cho et al., 1998; Harris et al., 1989; Lammi et al., 1989; Wang et al., 2002), and arthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases were the primary causes of disability in older people (Ettinger et al., 1994a, 1994b; Guralnik et al., 1995). In addition, coronary heart disease, injury, lung disease, and stroke were also causes of disability in these groups (Ettinger et al., 1994a, 1994b).
The development of a comorbidity index with physical function as the outcome
2005, Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyCitation Excerpt :However, in many types of research it is essential to adjust for other diseases, called comorbid diseases, in addition to the disease of concern, which may be related to the outcome(s) of interest. This is of particular importance in research conducted in older populations where many chronic illnesses may be present in the same patient [2–14]. Without this adjustment outcomes cannot be attributed to investigative interventions as the patients themselves may differ substantially in prognostic expectations due to their initial comorbid illnesses [2].
Nondisease factors affected trajectories of disability in a prospective study
2005, Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyCitation Excerpt :Long-term disability was measured using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development questionnaire [23], as well as a questionnaire with additional items referring to activity restrictions in activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility [24]. Similar to disability scales used in prior research on determinants of disability (e.g., [13,14], our disability scale includes physical performance (walking a quarter of a mile (400 m), carrying an object of 10 pounds (5 kg), bending and picking up a shoe), gross mobility capacity (walking up and down the stairs, walking outside [no distance], getting outside), and basic activities of daily living (getting in and out of bed, getting in and out of a chair, dressing; washing hands and face, walking across a room, bathing or showering). Each disability item was scored on a four-point scale ranging from 1 (without any difficulty) to 4 (unable to do or only with help).
The relationship of self-rated vision and hearing to functional status and well-being among seniors 70 years and older
1999, American Journal of Ophthalmology