An algebraic analysis of biases due to exclusion, susceptibility, and protopathic prescription in case-control research☆
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Pharmacovigilance – The next chapter
2019, TherapieCitation Excerpt :There are many biases in spontaneous reporting, such as notoriety bias, also known as the Casablanca syndrome (“round up the usual suspects”) [47]. Where a reaction is attributed to a drug known to be a common cause, when in fact another drug is more probably involved; protopathic bias, where the drug is given for early signs or symptoms of the event (e.g., antibiotics for fever before agranulocytosis) [48,49]; or indication bias, where the drug is given for a disease that can cause the effects (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] for acute pain, which can by itself cause myocardial ischemia) [50]. Many other biases can affect spontaneous reporting or causality [39].
Vaginal bleeding and diethylstilbestrol exposure during pregnancy: Relationship to genital tract clear cell adenocarcinoma and vaginal adenosis in daughters
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The research was supported in part by PHS Grant Number HS00408 from the National Center for Health Services Research and Development.