Impact of Multiple Risk Factor Profiles on Determining Cardiovascular Disease Risk

doi:10.1006/pmed.1997.0268

Preventive Medicine

Volume 27, Issue 1, January 1998, Pages 1-9

https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1997.0268 Get rights and content

Abstract

Background.We examined the association between clustering of risk factors and the risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality.

Methods.Data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study (N= 12,932) were used to estimate the relative risk for coronary heart disease (N= 2,255), stroke (N= 929), and death from any cause (N= 4,506) by the number of cardiovascular disease risk factors present. Risk factors included current smoking, overweight, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes.

Results.The proportions of respondents with 0, 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 risk factors were 25.0, 32.8, 27.8, 12.3, and 2.1%, respectively. Relative risks for coronary heart disease associated with having 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 risk factors were 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4,1.9), 2.2 (95% CI 1.9,2.6), 3.1 (95% CI 2.6,3.6), and 5.0 (95% CI 3.9,6.3), respectively. Relative risks for stroke associated with the same risk levels were 1.4 (95% CI 1.1,1.8), 1.9 (95% CI 1.5,2.4), 2.3 (95% CI 1.7,3.0), and 4.3 (95% CI 3.0,6.3), respectively. Similar results were observed for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions.Risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality increased substantially with each additional risk factor. This supports the continued need for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease risk factors.

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^☆: Kaplan, N, MStamler, J

¹: To whom reprint requests should be addressed at Mailstop E-52, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333.

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Regular ArticleImpact of Multiple Risk Factor Profiles on Determining Cardiovascular Disease Risk☆

Abstract

Lancet

Health, United States, 1994

Heart and stroke facts: 1996 statistical supplement

An overview of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Prevention of coronary heart disease: practical management of the risk factors

Relationship of baseline major risk factors to coronary and all-cause mortality, and to longevity: findings from long-term follow-up of Chicago cohorts

Cardiology

Women and cardiovascular disease: contributions from the Framingham Heart Study

J Am Med Women's Assoc

Cardiovascular disease risk profiles

Am Heart J

Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease: overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group

Arch Intern Med

Plan and operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1971–1973. Part A. Development, plan and operation

Plan and operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1971–1973. Part B. Data collection forms of the survey

Plan and operation of the NHANES I Augmentation Survey of adults 25–74 years, United States, 1974–1975

National Health and Nutrition Examination I: epidemiologic follow-up survey

Public Health Rep

Ten years after NHANES: report of initial follow-up, 1982–1984

Public Health Rep

NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study: public use data tape documentation

International classification of diseases, 9th rev., Clinical modification

Epidemiologic research

Regular Article
Impact of Multiple Risk Factor Profiles on Determining Cardiovascular Disease Risk☆