Regular ArticleNervous and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal study of youth unemployment—selection or exposure?☆,☆☆
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The when and the how of the emergence of social inequality in mental health: Exploring social causation and health selection through employment transitions
2021, Research in Social Stratification and MobilityCitation Excerpt :Studies of the 1979 US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth report associations between higher initial levels of depressive symptoms (at ages 27–35) and higher odds of both remaining (Prause & Dooley, 2001) and becoming (Dooley, Prause, & Ham-Rowbottom, 2000) unemployed two years later. Samples from the lower end of the transition to adulthood age range report similar conclusions: Swedish 16-year-olds with above-average levels of depressive symptoms were at greater risk both of any and of long-term unemployment over the following five years (Hammarström & Janlert, 1997); low self-esteem among high school students in the US was associated with spending a greater proportion of the following seven years unemployed (Dooley & Prause, 1997). The most robust evidence for mental health influencing employment status among young adults is the sibling fixed-effects models reported by Egan, Daly, and Delaney (2016): individuals with depressive symptom scores at least one standard deviation above the mean at age 16–20 were substantially more likely to be unemployed or out of the labour force 11 years later, and experienced substantially more time unemployed over the follow-up period.
Unemployment and ill health - A gender analysis: Results from a 14-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort
2012, Public HealthCitation Excerpt :However, the results are partly divergent. While some studies indicate that unemployment is more strongly related to poor mental health among men,5,6 other studies show that mental health is equally affected by unemployment among young men and women.7,8 One prospective study showed a relationship between unemployment and the onset of limiting illness, mostly due to musculoskeletal pain and cardiovascular diseases, which was slightly higher among men than women.9
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Reprint requests and correspondence should be addressed to A. Hammarston, Department of Family Medicine, Umea University, S-901 85 UME, Sweden.
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Ehnrooth, J.Siurala, L.