Table 1

Life expectancy at age 25 and potential gains from eliminating deaths of despair by country, sex and education

CountryFemalesMales
LowMiddleHighAllLowMiddleHighAll
LE-DoDLE-DoDLE-DoDLE-DoDLE-DoDLE-DoDLE-DoDLE-DoD
Australia58.6+0.561.4+0.462.9+0.260.4+0.352.9+1.457.3+0.860.6+0.456.6+0.8
Cananda57.4+0.460.2+0.362.5+0.260.5+0.352.9+1.055.9+0.859.5+0.556.6+0.6
Denmark55.4+0.458.7+0.260.6+0.258.1+0.250.9+0.754.4+0.457.6+0.354.3+0.4
Hungary50.5+0.656.6+0.458.6+0.254.9+0.440.1+1.650.0+1.155.3+0.648.3+1.1
Italy60.3+0.162.0+0.162.7+0.160.8+0.155.4+0.357.9+0.259.5+0.256.5+0.2
Korea52.4+2.559.2+0.660.3+0.358.9+0.442.5+3.953.6+1.457.1+0.553.9+1.0
Lithuania51.2+0.256.4+0.259.6+0.156.4+0.141.6+0.847.3+0.753.5+0.447.6+0.6
New Zealand57.6+0.260.2+0.261.6+0.159.4+0.254.3+0.657.1+0.459.4+0.356.6+0.4
Poland55.0+0.155.1+0.158.2+0.156.4+0.144.4+0.947.6+0.454.9+0.248.6+0.4
Slovakia50.0+0.558.6+0.363.6+0.256.2+0.338.3+1.451.1+0.955.4+0.449.7+0.8
Spain60.8+0.161.2+0.164.3+0.161.3+0.155.0+0.454.4+0.460.9+0.256.1+0.3
Sweden56.9+0.759.5+0.462.0+0.259.5+0.353.0+1.556.3+0.859.3+0.456.1+0.8
Türkiye56.9+0.060.0+0.061.5+0.157.3+0.051.5+0.154.1+0.156.6+0.152.4+0.1
USA54.2+0.955.4+0.859.1+0.356.8+0.648.5+1.850.3+1.756.8+0.752.4+1.4
Mean55.5+0.558.9+0.361.3+0.258.3+0.248.7+1.253.4+0.757.6+0.453.3+0.6
  • Notes: Education is classified according to the 2011 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED-2011) into low (primary education and below, ISCED 0–2), medium (lower-secondary and upper-secondary, ISCED 3–4) and high education (higher than upper-secondary, ISCED 5–8). Deaths of despair: suicide (X60–X84, Y87.0), alcohol-related deaths (E24.4, F10, G31.2, G62.1, G72.1, I42.6, K29.2, K70, K85.2, K86.0, O35.4, P04.3, Q86.0, R78, X45, Y15) and drug-related deaths (F11–16, X40–44, Y10–14).

  • -DoD, life expectancy gains (in years) from eliminating deaths of despair; LE, life expectancy at age 25.