Table 1

Household income ranges and means data harmonisation by cohort*

CohortAnnual income
(gross or net)
Child age at baseline income assessmentEquivalised (yes or no)Annual household Income† range and mean (local currency)
and $PPP (purchasing power parities)
High–richest (quintile 1)Middle (quintiles 2–4)Low—poorest (quintile 5)
GenR
Rotterdam,
Netherlands
Net5–6 yearsNoRange (€ Euro)
>€57 600
(>$PPP49 133)
€24 000–€57 600
($PPP 20 472–$PPP49 133)
<€24 000
(<$PPP20 472)
LSAC B
Australia
GrossBirth to 1 yearNoRange (AUD$ Australian dollar)
>$A86 164
($PPP>65 676)
$A32 240–$A86 216
($PPP24 544–$PPP65 624)
<$A32 240
($PPP<24 596)
Mean (AUD$)
$A131 438
($PPP100 181)
$A55 864
($PPP42 579)
$A22 014
($PPP16 779)
ABIS‡
Southeast Sweden
Net1–3 yearsNoRange (SEK Swedish Krona)
>SEK346 663
(>$PPP37 845)
SEK235 853–SEK346 650
($PPP 25 748–$PPP37 844)
<SEK235 850
($PPP25 749)
Mean (SEK Swedish Krona)
Mean SEK479 928
($PPP52 394)
Mean SEK290 077
($PPP31 668)
Mean SEK177 139
($PPP19 338)
MCS§
UK
Net9 monthsYes
(OECD‡‡)
Range (£ pound sterling)
>£23 452
($PPP>33 265)
£6708–£23 452
($PPP9515–$PPP33 265)
<£6682
(<$PPP9478)
Mean (£)
£34 008
($PPP48 238)
£14 783
($PPP20 969)
£5148
($PPP7302)
QLSCD¶
Quebec,
Canada
GrossBefore birth (−1 year before maternity leave)Yes
(OECD)
Range ($CAD Canadian dollar)
>$C34 444
($PPP>28 679)
$C10 769–$C34 285
($PPP8967–$PPP28 547)
<$C10 714
(<$PPP8921)
Mean ($CAD Canadian dollar)
$C49 321$C21 291$C6889
($PPP41 067)($PPP17 727)($PPP5736)
NLSCY** ††
Canada
Gross0–11 monthsNoRange ($CAD Canadian dollar)
>$C80 000
(>$PPP66 225)
$C30 000–$C79 999
($PPP24 834–$PPP66 224)
<$C30 000
(<$PPP24 834)
USNLSY
USA
Net0–2 yearsNoRange (US$)
>US$86 065US$21 968–US$86 064<US$21 967
Mean (US$)
US$89 369US$22 585–US$35 375US$10 521
  • *Factual content regarding cohort profiles is similarly provided across all EPOCH Collaborative Group publications.

  • †Household income grouped into high (5th quintile, richest), middle (2nd–4th quintile), low (1st quintile, poorest).

  • ‡$PPP conversion rate year 2000; kr9.16/US$.

  • §$PPP conversion rate year 2000; £0.705/US$.

  • ¶Average $PPP conversion rate of 1997; $C1.201/US$.

  • **Average $PPP conversion rate of 1994 and 1995; $C1.208/US$. Source: https://data.oecd.org/conversion/purchasing-power-parities-ppp.htm.

  • ††NLSCY restricts data release; mean data cannot be released.

  • ‡‡OECD: Modified OECD scales were used for equivalisation.

  • ABIS, All Babies in Southeast Sweden; EPOCH, Elucidating Pathways Of Child Health inequalities; LSAC, Longitudinal Study of Australian Children B-Cohort; MCS, Millennium Cohort Study; NLSCY, National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth; QLSCD, Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development; USNLSY, US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Children and Young Adults.