Baseline characteristics* of pooled adult participants surveyed between 2000 and 2012 and followed for up to 5 years (N=477 100)
| Overall (N=477 100) Mean (SD)* | Sense of community belonging | ||||
| Very strong (n=85 100) | Somewhat strong (n=2 25 600) | Somewhat weak (n=1 22 300) | Very weak (n=44 100) | ||
| Age | 42.3 (14.2) | 45.8 (13.3) | 42.5 (13.9) | 40.6 (14.7) | 41.2 (15.3) |
| % | |||||
| Premature mortality (within 5 years of baseline survey) | |||||
| Yes | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 |
| No | 98.5 | 98.1 | 98.6 | 98.7 | 97.8 |
| Life stage | |||||
| 18–35 | 35.0 | 25.5 | 33.9 | 40.2 | 39.8 |
| 36–55 | 43.7 | 45.3 | 44.7 | 42.3 | 40.2 |
| 56–70 | 21.4 | 29.2 | 21.4 | 17.5 | 20.1 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 49.4 | 49.1 | 49.0 | 49.8 | 49.4 |
| Female | 50.6 | 50.9 | 51.0 | 50.2 | 50.6 |
| Rural/urban | |||||
| Rural | 18.1 | 23.3 | 18.5 | 15.7 | 15.5 |
| Urban | 81.9 | 76.7 | 81.5 | 84.3 | 84.5 |
| Newcomer | |||||
| Newcomer (≤5 years) | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 5.6 |
| Immigrant (>5 years) | 18.0 | 19.6 | 17.9 | 16.8 | 19.1 |
| Canadian-born | 78.2 | 77.0 | 78.6 | 79.4 | 75.3 |
| Racialisation | |||||
| Racialised | 16.3 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 18.8 |
| White | 83.7 | 83.3 | 84.1 | 84.2 | 81.2 |
| Household income | |||||
| Q1 (Lowest) | 13.1 | 13.1 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 18.0 |
| Q2 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 13.9 | 16.1 |
| Q3 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 19.8 | 19.6 | 20.8 |
| Q4 | 26.2 | 25.7 | 26.5 | 26.6 | 24.6 |
| Q5 (Highest) | 26.5 | 26.8 | 27.4 | 27.0 | 20.5 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Current | 25.1 | 22.4 | 23.3 | 26.5 | 33.3 |
| Former | 24.3 | 25.8 | 24.3 | 23.9 | 22.9 |
| Never | 50.6 | 51.8 | 52.3 | 49.6 | 43.9 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Non-drinker | 16.8 | 20.6 | 16.3 | 14.4 | 20.2 |
| Occasional | 16.6 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 16.7 | 18.7 |
| Regular | 27.2 | 28.9 | 27.8 | 26.7 | 23.3 |
| Regular and binge | 39.5 | 34.3 | 39.8 | 42.3 | 37.8 |
| Physical activity† | |||||
| Active | 25.5 | 29.3 | 27.2 | 22.8 | 19.0 |
| Moderate | 25.4 | 26.3 | 26.5 | 24.8 | 20.9 |
| Inactive | 49.2 | 44.4 | 46.3 | 52.4 | 60.1 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| Severely obese (≥40) | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
| Very obese (35–39.9) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.7 |
| Mod obese (30–34.9) | 12.3 | 13.7 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 12.2 |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 33.5 | 35.5 | 34.1 | 32.2 | 31.1 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 46.9 | 43.3 | 46.9 | 48.6 | 47.4 |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.6 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema | |||||
| Yes | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.2 |
| No | 98.6 | 98.4 | 98.9 | 98.7 | 97.8 |
| Cancer | |||||
| Yes | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
| No | 98.6 | 98.3 | 98.6 | 98.8 | 98.4 |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 4.7 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 5.1 |
| No | 95.4 | 94.4 | 95.5 | 95.9 | 94.9 |
| Heart disease | |||||
| Yes | 3.4 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.3 |
| No | 96.6 | 95.8 | 96.8 | 96.9 | 95.7 |
Source: Canadian Community Health Survey (2000–2012), Canadian Vital Statistics Database (2000–2017).
*Estimates are weighted to produce population estimates using pooled sampling weights provided by Statistics Canada.
†Physical activity levels were categorised based on total daily energy expenditure values (calculated by multiplying the frequency and duration of each reported physical activity by its metabolic equivalent value). Physically active was defined as ≥3.0 kcal/kg/day or more, moderately active as 1.5–2.9 and inactive as ≤1.5.