Phases of educational inequalities in trends in the remaining e30, identified by breakpoints and slopes, including (in brackets) their 95% CIs by sex and country (England and Wales 1972–2017, Finland 1971–2017 and Italy (Turin) 1972–2019)
| Country | Sex | Break 1 | Break 2 | Slope 1 | Slope 2 | Slope 3 |
| England and Wales | Men | 1976 | 2008 | 0.58 | −0.03 | 0.10 |
| (1974 to1978) | (1997 to 2015) | (0.07 to 1.09) | (−0.06 to −0.01) | (−0.05 to 0.25) | ||
| Women | 1975 | −0.92 | 0.001 | |||
| (1969 to 1981) | (−3.56 to 1.71) | (−0.05 to 0.04) | ||||
| Finland | Men | 1982 | 2008 | 0.03 | 0.10 | −0.05 |
| (1977 to 1986) | (2005 to 2011) | (−0.01 to 0.07) | (0.08 to 0.11) | (−0.11 to –0.01) | ||
| Women | 1985 | −0.01 | 0.07 | |||
| (1980 to 1989) | (−0.04 to 0.02) | (0.06 to 0.08) | ||||
| Italy | Men | 1976 | 1999 | −0.33 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
| (1972 to 1978) | (1989 to 2008) | (−0.82 to 0.16) | (0.06 to 0.13) | (−0.00 to 0.07) | ||
| Women | 2003 | 2010 | −0.01 | 0.25 | −0.17 | |
| (2000 to 2007) | (2007 to 2012) | (−0.03 to 0.00) | (−0.01 to 0.51) | (−0.28 to −0.04) |
Source data: ONS Longitudinal Study, Statistics Finland & Turin Longitudinal Study.
*For Italy, for the years strongly affected by a heat wave (1983, 2003 and 2015), we used the average life expectancy values (average of the values in the year before and after) as input for the segmented regression. Compared with segmented regression based on the original time series, the main results did not change.
e30, life expectancy at age 30.