Demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics
| Overall | Received or planning to vaccinate | Test of difference | |||
| No | Yes | Weighted | |||
| Weighted mean (SD) or raw n (weighted %) | Weighted mean (SD) or raw n (weighted %) | Weighted mean (SD) or raw n (weighted %) | Χ(df) | P value | |
| Age | 57.2 (17.5) | 50.1 (14.3) | 59.5 (17.8) | <0.001** | |
| Median personal income (IQR) | $35 000 ($30 000) | $30 000 ($34 000) | $35 986 ($28 000) | 0.001** | |
| Gender | Χ(1)=12.1 | 0.001 | |||
| Not male†† | 1308 (63.9) | 437 (68.4) | 871 (62.5) | ||
| Male | 793 (36.1) | 206 (31.6) | 587 (37.5) | ||
| Race | Χ(3)=31.7 | <0.001 | |||
| White | 1697 (83.2) | 508 (78.6) | 1189 (84.7) | ||
| Black | 193 (7.1) | 82 (10.6) | 111 (6.0) | ||
| Asian | 155 (3.0) | 33 (2.7) | 122 (3.1) | ||
| Other | 56 (6.7) | 20 (8.1) | 36 (6.2) | ||
| Ethnicity | Χ(1)=3.1 | 0.08 | |||
| Not Hispanic | 1969 (93.0) | 605 (91.8) | 1364 (93.4) | ||
| Hispanic | 132 (7.0) | 38 (8.2) | 94 (6.6) | ||
| Education | Χ(3)=139.3 | <0.001 | |||
| High school or below | 201 (7.9) | 91 (14.1) | 110 (6.0) | ||
| Some college | 408 (24.5) | 167 (31.2) | 241 (22.3) | ||
| Associate’s/Bachelor’s degree | 1099 (48.5) | 316 (43.3) | 783 (50.2) | ||
| Advanced degree | 393 (19.1) | 69 (11.5) | 324 (21.5) | ||
| Student status | Χ(2)=18.6 | <0.001 | |||
| Not a student | 1854 (93.9) | 563 (91.2) | 1291 (94.7) | ||
| Part-time | 89 (2.3) | 26 (2.8) | 63 (2.1) | ||
| Full time | 158 (3.9) | 54 (6.0) | 104 (3.2) | ||
| Marital status | Χ(2)=70.7 | <0.001 | |||
| Single | 667 (22.1) | 180 (22.5) | 487 (22) | ||
| Divorced/single/widowed | 306 (32.5) | 102 (22.4) | 204 (35.7) | ||
| Married/partnered | 1128 (45.4) | 361 (55.0) | 767 (42.3) | ||
| Number of children | Χ(1)=66.4 | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 1421 (80.0) | 382 (71.1) | 1039 (82.7) | ||
| ≥1 | 680 (20.0) | 261 (28.9) | 419 (17.3) | ||
| Employment | Χ(2)=21.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Employed (FT or PT) | 1386 (45.2) | 405 (51.4) | 981 (43.3) | ||
| Self-employed | 204 (11.7) | 72 (10.5) | 132 (12.1) | ||
| Not working | 511 (43.1) | 166 (38.1) | 345 (44.7) | ||
| Region | Χ(3)=18.3 | <0.001 | |||
| Northeast | 401 (16.9) | 106 (14.5) | 295 (17.7) | ||
| Midwest | 453 (22.7) | 135 (19.8) | 318 (23.6) | ||
| South | 825 (39.7) | 285 (44.7) | 540 (38.1) | ||
| West | 422 (20.7) | 117 (21.0) | 305 (20.6) | ||
| Veteran status | Χ(1)=38.3 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1974 (88.4) | 615 (93.7) | 1359 (86.7) | ||
| Yes | 127 (11.6) | 28 (6.3) | 99 (13.3) | ||
| Number of close friends | 14.4 (36.0) | 13.6 (43.3) | 14.6 (33.3) | <0.001** | |
| Log10 (number of close friends) | 1.3 (0.23) | 1.2 (0.24) | 1.3 (0.22) | <0.001** | |
| Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey | 22.0 (6.7) | 20.5 (7.2) | 22.4 (6.5) | 0.008** | |
| COVID-19 status in past 3 months | Χ(3)=41.6 | <0.001 | |||
| Not tested | 1385 (70.9) | 472 (75.6) | 913 (69.4) | ||
| Yes, recent positive | 36 (1.0) | 12 (1.7) | 24 (0.7) | ||
| Yes, past positive | 68 (2.7) | 27 (3.8) | 41 (2.3) | ||
| No, not positive | 612 (25.5) | 132 (19.0) | 480 (27.6) | ||
| Have anyone close tested positive for COVID-19? | Χ(1)=39.6 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1051 (52.1) | 294 (43.5) | 757 (54.7) | ||
| Yes | 1050 (47.9) | 349 (56.5) | 701 (45.3) | ||
| How much of a threat? | Χ(3)=1055.0 | <0.001 | |||
| Not a threat | 118 (4.1) | 105 (15.9) | 13 (0.4) | ||
| Slight threat | 321 (13.0) | 198 (31.4) | 123 (7.2) | ||
| Moderate threat | 607 (21.2) | 176 (23.7) | 431 (20.4) | ||
| Great threat | 1055 (61.7) | 164 (29.1) | 891 (71.9) | ||
| Opinion about government response | Χ(4)=1060.2 | <0.001 | |||
| Great under-reaction | 776 (39.5) | 111 (15.9) | 665 (46.9) | ||
| Slight under-reaction | 430 (14.7) | 96 (14.1) | 334 (14.9) | ||
| Appropriate reaction | 503 (29.8) | 147 (23.4) | 356 (31.8) | ||
| Slight over-reaction | 158 (5.6) | 95 (12.4) | 63 (3.4) | ||
| Great over-reaction | 234 (10.5) | 194 (34.3) | 40 (3.0) | ||
| Number of medical conditions | Χ(2)=91.0 | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 875 (26.1) | 286 (35.1) | 589 (23.2) | ||
| 1–2 | 799 (34.5) | 242 (37.0) | 557 (33.7) | ||
| 3+ | 427 (39.4) | 115 (27.9) | 312 (43.0) | ||
| Positive screen for COVID-19-related stress symptoms | 305 (8.9) | 88 (9.3) | 217 (8.8) | Χ(1)=0.3 | 0.60 |
| Positive screen for major depression | 425 (15.5) | 137 (20.4) | 288 (13.9) | Χ(1)=25.7 | <0.001 |
| Positive screen for generalised anxiety disorder | 441 (15.1) | 133 (17.3) | 308 (14.4) | Χ(1)=5.1 | 0.02 |
| Past 2-week suicidal ideation | 257 (7.3) | 84 (9.9) | 173 (6.5) | Χ(1)=13.6 | <0.001 |
| Positive screen for alcohol use disorder | 498 (18.7) | 152 (21.9) | 346 (17.7) | Χ(1)=9.6 | 0.002 |
| Any illicit drug use in past month | 212 (7.3) | 66 (9.3) | 146 (6.6) | Χ(1)=8.5 | 0.004 |
*Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
†Non-male comprised female and other gender responses.
FT, full time; IQR, interquartile range; PT, part-time; SD, standard deviation.