Table 2

Results of multilevel models showing the association between homelessness and trajectories of early adolescent internalising problems†

Fixed effect parameters	Estimate (95% CI)	Estimate (95% CI)
Never/ever homeless by age 9
(Intercept)	−0.180 (−0.333 to 0.027)*	−0.176 (−0.329 to 0.023)*
Age	0.004 (−0.002 to 0.009)	0.003 (−0.002 to 0.009)
Never homeless by age 9	Ref	Ref
Homeless by age 9	0.179 (0.092 to 0.266)***	0.097 (−0.185 to 0.379)
Sex (female)	0.031 (−0.006 to 0.068)	0.031 (−0.006 to 0.068)
Age×homeless by age 9		0.008 (−0.018 to 0.033)
By first exposure to homelessness
(Intercept)	−0.177 (−0.33 to 0.024)*	−0.173 (−0.326 to 0.019)*
Age	0.004 (−0.002 to 0.009)	0.003 (−0.002 to 0.009)
Never homeless by age 9	Ref	Ref
First homeless ages 0–2	0.141 (0.039 to 0.243)**	0.054 (−0.267 to 0.375)
First homeless ages 3–5	0.206 (0.017 to 0.395)*	0.173 (−0.499 to 0.844)
First homeless ages 6–8	0.413 (0.152 to 0.674)**	0.284 (−0.632 to 1.2)
Sex (female)	0.031 (−0.007 to 0.068)	0.031 (−0.007 to 0.068)
Age×first homeless ages 0–2		0.008 (−0.021 to 0.037)
Age×first homeless ages 3–5		0.003 (−0.057 to 0.063)
Age×first homeless ages 6–8		0.012 (−0.072 to 0.096)
Persistent homelessness
(Intercept)	−0.178 (−0.331 to 0.025)*	−0.174 (−0.327 to 0.021)*
Age	0.004 (−0.002 to 0.009)	0.003 (−0.002 to 0.009)
Never homeless by age 9	Ref	Ref
Reported homeless one time by age 9	0.134 (0.041 to 0.227)**	0.002 (−0.304 to 0.308)
Reported homeless 2+ times by age 9	0.406 (0.204 to 0.607)***	0.57 (−0.074 to 1.213)
Sex (female)	0.031 (−0.006 to 0.068)	0.031 (−0.006 to 0.068)
Age×reported homeless one time by age 9		0.012 (−0.016 to 0.04)
Age×reported homeless 2+ times by age 9		−0.015 (−0.073 to 0.043)

*P=0.05, **P=0.01, ***P=0.001.
†All models adjusted for child ethnicity and sex, maternal education, number of financial difficulties, parity, maternal depression and maternal age.
Ref, reference group.