Association between housing cost to income and suicide rate, by social spending during the post-global financial crisis (2009–2017)
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Per 1% increase in housing cost to income | 1.376* (0.090 to 2.662) | 0.882* (0.093 to 1.167) | 0.894 (−0.426 to 2.215) | 0.683 (−0.014 to 1.380) |
| Per $100 increase in social spending on pension per capita | 0.337 (−0.486 to 1.161) | |||
| Housing cost to income × pension per capita | −0.028 (−0.056 to 0.001) | |||
| Per $100 increase in social spending on unemployment per capita | 2.204 (−0.525 to 4.933) | |||
| Housing cost to income × unemployment per capita | −0.129* (−0.256 to −0.001) | |||
| Per $100 increase in social spending on healthcare per capita | 0.044 (−1.037 to 1.125) | |||
| Housing cost to income × health per capita | −0.026 (−0.073 to 0.019) | |||
| Per $100 increase in social spending on housing per capita | 1.554 (−7.427 to 10.535) | |||
| Housing cost to income × housing per capita | −0.150 (−0.525 to 0.225) | |||
| Country-years | 233 | 233 | 233 | 233 |
| Countries | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
Confidence intervals are based on robust standard errors clustered by country. All models control for GDP per capita, year, and country-specific time trends.
***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
$, US$; GDP, gross domestic product.