Association between housing cost to income and preventable and treatable mortality rate, by social spending during the post-global financial crisis (2009–2017)
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Per 1% increase in housing cost to income | 7.183* (0.777 to 13.588) | 4.372* (0.367 to 8.378) | 1.281 (−4.045 to 6.607) | 3.974* (0.182 to 7.765) | 3.158* (0.782 to 5.534) | 1.538 (−0.269 to 3.345) | 0.379 (−1.184 to 2.141) | 1.945* (0.432 to 3.463) |
| Per $100 increase in social spending on pension per capita | 2.090 (−2.474 to 6.654) | 0.933 (−0.731 to 2.598) | ||||||
| Housing cost to income × pension per capita | −0.174* (−0.344 to −0.004) | −0.075* (−0.143 to −0.007) | ||||||
| Per $100 increase in social spending on unemployment benefits per capita | 17.089* (1.244 to 32.934) | 5.540 (−2.145 to 13.225) | ||||||
| Housing cost to income × unemployment per capita | −0.902* (−1.700 to −0.104) | −0.266 (−0.647 to 0.115) | ||||||
| Per $100 increase in social spending on healthcare per capita | −3.265 (−8.969 to 2.438) | −2.127* (−4.093 to −0.131) | ||||||
| Housing cost to income × health per capita | −0.002 (−0.216 to 0.210) | 0.023 (−0.060 to 0.106) | ||||||
| Per $100 increase in social spending on housing per capita | 26.854 (−35.789 to 89.498) | 4.231 (−19.950 to 28.411) | ||||||
| Housing cost to income × housing per capita | −1.777 (−4.132 to 0.578) | −0.552 (−1.501 to 0.398) | ||||||
| Country-years | 233 | 233 | 233 | 233 | 233 | 233 | 233 | 233 |
| Countries | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
Confidence intervals are based on robust standard errors clustered by country. All models control for GDP per capita, year, and country-specific time trends. Columns 1 to 4 show the results for preventable mortality rate. Columns 5 to 8 show the results for treatable mortality rate.
***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
$, US$; GDP, gross domestic product.