Descriptive characteristics of the study sample and changes in depression symptoms scores before and during COVID-19 pandemic (N=2853)
| Variable | Category | N (%) | Change in depression score Mean (SD) |
| Total | 2853 (100) | 0.46 (4.56) | |
| Sex | Male | 1165 (40.8) | 0.36 (4.52) |
| Female | 1688 (59.2) | 0.53 (4.59) | |
| Age | ≤65 years | 492 (17.2) | 0.04 (4.64) |
| 66–75 years | 1281 (44.9) | 0.24 (4.46) | |
| ≥76 years | 1080 (37.9) | 0.91 (4.62) | |
| Education | Primary, vocational | 1049 (36.8) | 0.37 (4.75) |
| Secondary | 1266 (44.4) | 0.54 (4.50) | |
| University | 538 (18.9) | 0.46 (4.34) | |
| Marital status | Married/partnership | 1808 (63.4) | 0.46 (4.54) |
| Si/Div/Sep/Wid | 1042 (36.6) | 0.48 (4.61) | |
| Living alone | No | 2010 (70.5) | 0.37 (4.59) |
| Yes | 843 (29.5) | 0.68 (4.50) | |
| Self-rated health | Very good or good | 1312 (46.0) | 0.34 (3.97) |
| Average | 1260 (44.2) | 0.47 (4.77) | |
| Poor or very poor | 281 (9.8) | 0.98 (5.97) | |
| Employment status | Still working | 389 (13.6) | 0.55 (4.63) |
| Non-working | 2464 (86.4) | −0.09 (4.07) | |
| Depression before pandemic | No | 2158 (90.2) | 0.66 (4.18) |
| Yes | 234 (9.8) | −0.91 (6.48) |
Si/D/Se/Wi, Single/Divorced/Separated/Widowed.