Site/casualty type | 2 years pre-implementation | 1 year pre-implementation | Intervention implementation | 1 year post-implementation | 3 years post-implementation |
2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2019 | |
Intervention site | |||||
Class | |||||
Car | 81 (–14%; p=0.33) | 94 (Ref) | 86 (–9%; p=0.55) | 81 (–14%; p=0.33) | 69 (–27%; p=0.05) |
Pedestrian | 27 (–13%; p=0.60) | 31 (Ref) | 22 (–29%; p=0.22) | 22 (–29%; p=0.22) | 25 (–19%; p=0.42) |
Motorcyclist | – | 3 (Ref) | 2 (–33%; p=0.66) | 4 (+33%; p=0.71) | 2 (–33%; p=0.66) |
Pedal cyclist | 4 (+33%; p=0.71) | 3 (Ref) | 5 (+67%; p=0.48) | 3 (0%; p=1.00) | 6 (+100%; p=0.33) |
Sex | |||||
Male | 60 (–20%; p=0.20) | 75 (Ref) | 59 (–21%; p=0.17) | 69 (–8%; p=0.62) | 60 (–20%; p=0.20) |
Female | 52 (–5%; p=0.77) | 55 (Ref) | 56 (+2%; p=0.92) | 41 (–25%; p=0.16) | 42 (–24%; p=0.19) |
Age (years) | |||||
Under 16 | 10 (+67%; p=0.32) | 6 (Ref) | 13 (+117%; p=0.12) | 5 (–17%; p=0.76) | 5 (–17%; p=0.76) |
16–24 | 20 (+5%; p=0.87) | 19 (Ref) | 25 (+32%; p=0.37) | 14 (–26%; p=0.39) | 22 (+16%; p=0.64) |
25–34 | 21 (–38%; p=0.08) | 34 (Ref) | 30 (–12%; p=0.62) | 24 (–29%; p=0.19) | 27 (–21%; p=0.37) |
35–49 | 31 (–16%; p=0.47) | 37 (Ref) | 27 (–27%; p=0.21) | 29 (–22%; p=0.33) | 22 (–41%; p=0.05) |
50–64 | 16 (–30%; p=0.27) | 23 (Ref) | 10 (–57%; p=0.03) | 20 (–13%; p=0.65) | 17 (–26%; p=0.35) |
65+ | 12 (+9%; p=0.84) | 11 (Ref) | 10 (–9%; p=0.83) | 17 (+55%; p=0.26) | 6 (–45%; p=0.23) |
Overall | 112 (–15%; p=0.22) | 131 (Ref) | 115 (–12%; p=0.31) | 110 (–16%; p=0.18) | 102 (–22%; p=0.06) |
Control site (city centre) | |||||
Class | |||||
Car | 127 (+12%; p=0.37) | 113 (Ref) | 142 (+26%; p=0.07) | 110 (–3%; p=0.84) | 113 (0%; p=1.00) |
Pedestrian | 16 (–24%; p=0.41) | 21 (Ref) | 21 (0%; p=1.00) | 17 (–19%; p=0.52) | 28 (+33%; p=0.32) |
Motorcyclist | 7 (+250%; p=0.12) | 2 (Ref) | 2 (0%; p=1.00) | 7 (+250%; p=0.12) | 6 (+200%; p=0.18) |
Pedal cyclist | 6 (–14%; p=0.78) | 7 (Ref) | 11 (+57%; p=0.35) | 5 (–29%; p=0.57) | 13 (+86%; p=0.19) |
Sex | |||||
Male | 83 (+24%; p=0.19) | 67 (Ref) | 103 (+54%; p=0.01) | 82 (+22%; p=0.22) | 75 (+12%; p=0.50) |
Female | 72 (–5%; p=0.74) | 76 (Ref) | 73 (–4%; p=0.81) | 57 (–25%; p=0.10) | 85 (+12%; p=0.48) |
Age (years) | |||||
Under 16 | 10 (+67%; p=0.32) | 6 (Ref) | 14 (+133%; p=0.08) | 6 (0%; p=1.00) | 7 (+17%; p=0.78) |
16–24 | 28 (–7%; p=0.79) | 30 (Ref) | 29 (–3%; p=0.90) | 16 (–47%; p=0.04) | 27 (–10%; p=0.69) |
25–34 | 38 (+3%; p=0.91) | 37 (Ref) | 42 (+14%; p=0.57) | 38 (+3%; p=0.91) | 38 (+3%; p=0.91) |
35–49 | 40 (+8%; p=0.73) | 37 (Ref) | 52 (+41%; p=0.11) | 34 (–8%; p=0.72) | 42 (+14%; p=0.57) |
50–64 | 26 (0%; p=1.00) | 26 (Ref) | 29 (+12%; p=0.69) | 32 (+23%; p=0.43) | 33 (+27%; p=0.36) |
65+ | 11 (+57%; p=0.35) | 7 (Ref) | 10 (+43%; p=0.47) | 13 (+86%; p=0.19) | 12 (+71%; p=0.26) |
Overall | 156 (+9%; p=0.45) | 143 (Ref) | 176 (+23%; p=0.07) | 139 (–3%; p=0.81) | 160 (+12%; p=0.33) |
Control site (metropolitan area) | |||||
Class | |||||
Car | 1344 (0%; p=0.97) | 1346 (Ref) | 1256 (–7%; p=0.08) | 1168 (–13%; p=0.00) | 1138 (–15%; p=0.00) |
Pedestrian | 218 (–2%; p=0.85) | 222 (Ref) | 218 (–2%; p=0.85) | 211 (–5%; p=0.60) | 191 (–14%; p=0.13) |
Motorcyclist | 55 (0%; p=1.00) | 55 (Ref) | 58 (+5%; p=0.78) | 60 (+9%; p=0.64) | 56 (+2%; p=0.92) |
Pedal cyclist | 105 (+36%; p=0.04) | 77 (Ref) | 105 (+36%; p=0.04) | 103 (+34%; p=0.05) | 98 (+27%; p=0.11) |
Sex | |||||
Male | 948 (+2%; p=0.61) | 926 (Ref) | 930 (0%; p=0.93) | 844 (–9%; p=0.05) | 784 (–15%; p=0.00) |
Female | 774 (0%; p=0.98) | 773 (Ref) | 707 (–9%; p=0.09) | 697 (–10%; p=0.05) | 699 (–10%; p=0.05) |
Age (years) | |||||
Under 16 | 198 (+8%; p=0.47) | 184 (Ref) | 186 (+1%; p=0.92) | 169 (–8%; p=0.43) | 172 (–7%; p=0.53) |
16–24 | 359 (+7%; p=0.36) | 335 (Ref) | 278 (–17%; p=0.02) | 261 (–22%; p=0.00) | 278 (–17%; p=0.02) |
25–34 | 428 (+4%; p=0.58) | 412 (Ref) | 410 (0%; p=0.94) | 373 (–9%; p=0.16) | 334 (–19%; p=0.00) |
35–49 | 378 (+1%; p=0.86) | 373 (Ref) | 396 (+6%; p=0.41) | 395 (+6%; p=0.43) | 338 (–9%; p=0.19) |
50–64 | 246 (–1%; p=0.93) | 248 (Ref) | 251 (+1%; p=0.89) | 224 (–10%; p=0.27) | 256 (+3%; p=0.72) |
65+ | 100 (–24%; p=0.04) | 131 (Ref) | 113 (–14%; p=0.25) | 115 (–12%; p=0.31) | 102 (–22%; p=0.06) |
Overall | 1722 (+1%; p=0.71) | 1700 (Ref) | 1637 (–4%; p=0.28) | 1542 (–9%; p=0.01) | 1483 (–13%; p=0.00) |
Matched control | |||||
Class | |||||
Car | 26 (–7%; p=0.79) | 28 (Ref) | 26 (–7%; p=0.79) | 27 (–4%; p=0.89) | 20 (–29%; p=0.25) |
Pedestrian | 8 (–20%; p=0.64) | 10 (Ref) | 4 (–60%; p=0.12) | 9 (–10%; p=0.82) | 6 (–40%; p=0.32) |
Motorcyclist | – | 4 (Ref) | – | 2 (–50%; p=0.42) | 4 (0%; p=1.00) |
Pedal cyclist | 1 (0%; p=1.00) | . (Ref) | – | – | – |
Sex | |||||
Male | 14 (–22%; p=0.48) | 18 (Ref) | 13 (–28%; p=0.37) | 25 (+39%; p=0.29) | 14 (–22%; p=0.48) |
Female | 21 (–13%; p=0.66) | 24 (Ref) | 18 (–25%; p=0.36) | 13 (–46%; p=0.08) | 16 (–33%; p=0.21) |
Age (years) | |||||
Under 16 | 4 (+33%; p=0.71) | 3 (Ref) | 2 (–33%; p=0.66) | 2 (–33%; p=0.66) | 2 (–33%; p=0.66) |
16–24 | 7 (+133%; p=0.22) | 3 (Ref) | 6 (+100%; p=0.33) | 5 (+67%; p=0.48) | 3 (0%; p=1.00) |
25–34 | 4 (–56%; p=0.18) | 9 (Ref) | 1 (–89%; p=0.04) | 5 (–44%; p=0.29) | 6 (–33%; p=0.44) |
35–49 | 8 (–27%; p=0.49) | 11 (Ref) | 9 (–18%; p=0.66) | 11 (0%; p=1.00) | 7 (–36%; p=0.35) |
50–64 | 8 (–0%; p=1.00) | 8 (Ref) | 7 (–13%; p=0.80) | 8 (0%; p=1.00) | 6 (–25%; p=0.59) |
65+ | 4 (–50%; p=0.26) | 8 (Ref) | 6 (–25%; p=0.59) | 7 (–13%; p=0.80) | 6 (–25%; p=0.59) |
Overall | 35 (–17%; p=0.43) | 42 (Ref) | 31 (–26%; p=0.20) | 38 (–10%; p=0.66) | 30 (–29%; p=0.16) |
–, missing data; Ref, reference case.