Table 2

Road traffic casualty rates for intervention and control sites over time

Site/casualty type2 years pre-implementation1 year pre-implementationIntervention implementation1 year post-implementation3 years post-implementation
20142015201620172019
Intervention site
 Class
  Car81 (–14%; p=0.33)94 (Ref)86 (–9%; p=0.55)81 (–14%; p=0.33)69 (–27%; p=0.05)
  Pedestrian27 (–13%; p=0.60)31 (Ref)22 (–29%; p=0.22)22 (–29%; p=0.22)25 (–19%; p=0.42)
  Motorcyclist3 (Ref)2 (–33%; p=0.66)4 (+33%; p=0.71)2 (–33%; p=0.66)
  Pedal cyclist4 (+33%; p=0.71)3 (Ref)5 (+67%; p=0.48)3 (0%; p=1.00)6 (+100%; p=0.33)
 Sex
  Male60 (–20%; p=0.20)75 (Ref)59 (–21%; p=0.17)69 (–8%; p=0.62)60 (–20%; p=0.20)
  Female52 (–5%; p=0.77)55 (Ref)56 (+2%; p=0.92)41 (–25%; p=0.16)42 (–24%; p=0.19)
 Age (years)
  Under 1610 (+67%; p=0.32)6 (Ref)13 (+117%; p=0.12)5 (–17%; p=0.76)5 (–17%; p=0.76)
  16–2420 (+5%; p=0.87)19 (Ref)25 (+32%; p=0.37)14 (–26%; p=0.39)22 (+16%; p=0.64)
  25–3421 (–38%; p=0.08)34 (Ref)30 (–12%; p=0.62)24 (–29%; p=0.19)27 (–21%; p=0.37)
  35–4931 (–16%; p=0.47)37 (Ref)27 (–27%; p=0.21)29 (–22%; p=0.33)22 (–41%; p=0.05)
  50–6416 (–30%; p=0.27)23 (Ref)10 (–57%; p=0.03)20 (–13%; p=0.65)17 (–26%; p=0.35)
  65+12 (+9%; p=0.84)11 (Ref)10 (–9%; p=0.83)17 (+55%; p=0.26)6 (–45%; p=0.23)
  Overall112 (–15%; p=0.22)131 (Ref)115 (–12%; p=0.31)110 (–16%; p=0.18)102 (–22%; p=0.06)
Control site (city centre)
 Class
  Car127 (+12%; p=0.37)113 (Ref)142 (+26%; p=0.07)110 (–3%; p=0.84)113 (0%; p=1.00)
  Pedestrian16 (–24%; p=0.41)21 (Ref)21 (0%; p=1.00)17 (–19%; p=0.52)28 (+33%; p=0.32)
  Motorcyclist7 (+250%; p=0.12)2 (Ref)2 (0%; p=1.00)7 (+250%; p=0.12)6 (+200%; p=0.18)
  Pedal cyclist6 (–14%; p=0.78)7 (Ref)11 (+57%; p=0.35)5 (–29%; p=0.57)13 (+86%; p=0.19)
 Sex
  Male83 (+24%; p=0.19)67 (Ref)103 (+54%; p=0.01)82 (+22%; p=0.22)75 (+12%; p=0.50)
  Female72 (–5%; p=0.74)76 (Ref)73 (–4%; p=0.81)57 (–25%; p=0.10)85 (+12%; p=0.48)
 Age (years)
  Under 1610 (+67%; p=0.32)6 (Ref)14 (+133%; p=0.08)6 (0%; p=1.00)7 (+17%; p=0.78)
  16–2428 (–7%; p=0.79)30 (Ref)29 (–3%; p=0.90)16 (–47%; p=0.04)27 (–10%; p=0.69)
  25–3438 (+3%; p=0.91)37 (Ref)42 (+14%; p=0.57)38 (+3%; p=0.91)38 (+3%; p=0.91)
  35–4940 (+8%; p=0.73)37 (Ref)52 (+41%; p=0.11)34 (–8%; p=0.72)42 (+14%; p=0.57)
  50–6426 (0%; p=1.00)26 (Ref)29 (+12%; p=0.69)32 (+23%; p=0.43)33 (+27%; p=0.36)
  65+11 (+57%; p=0.35)7 (Ref)10 (+43%; p=0.47)13 (+86%; p=0.19)12 (+71%; p=0.26)
 Overall156 (+9%; p=0.45)143 (Ref)176 (+23%; p=0.07)139 (–3%; p=0.81)160 (+12%; p=0.33)
Control site (metropolitan area)
 Class
  Car1344 (0%; p=0.97)1346 (Ref)1256 (–7%; p=0.08)1168 (–13%; p=0.00)1138 (–15%; p=0.00)
  Pedestrian218 (–2%; p=0.85)222 (Ref)218 (–2%; p=0.85)211 (–5%; p=0.60)191 (–14%; p=0.13)
  Motorcyclist55 (0%; p=1.00)55 (Ref)58 (+5%; p=0.78)60 (+9%; p=0.64)56 (+2%; p=0.92)
  Pedal cyclist105 (+36%; p=0.04)77 (Ref)105 (+36%; p=0.04)103 (+34%; p=0.05)98 (+27%; p=0.11)
 Sex
  Male948 (+2%; p=0.61)926 (Ref)930 (0%; p=0.93)844 (–9%; p=0.05)784 (–15%; p=0.00)
  Female774 (0%; p=0.98)773 (Ref)707 (–9%; p=0.09)697 (–10%; p=0.05)699 (–10%; p=0.05)
 Age (years)
  Under 16198 (+8%; p=0.47)184 (Ref)186 (+1%; p=0.92)169 (–8%; p=0.43)172 (–7%; p=0.53)
  16–24359 (+7%; p=0.36)335 (Ref)278 (–17%; p=0.02)261 (–22%; p=0.00)278 (–17%; p=0.02)
  25–34428 (+4%; p=0.58)412 (Ref)410 (0%; p=0.94)373 (–9%; p=0.16)334 (–19%; p=0.00)
  35–49378 (+1%; p=0.86)373 (Ref)396 (+6%; p=0.41)395 (+6%; p=0.43)338 (–9%; p=0.19)
  50–64246 (–1%; p=0.93)248 (Ref)251 (+1%; p=0.89)224 (–10%; p=0.27)256 (+3%; p=0.72)
  65+100 (–24%; p=0.04)131 (Ref)113 (–14%; p=0.25)115 (–12%; p=0.31)102 (–22%; p=0.06)
 Overall1722 (+1%; p=0.71)1700 (Ref)1637 (–4%; p=0.28)1542 (–9%; p=0.01)1483 (–13%; p=0.00)
Matched control
 Class
  Car26 (–7%; p=0.79)28 (Ref)26 (–7%; p=0.79)27 (–4%; p=0.89)20 (–29%; p=0.25)
  Pedestrian8 (–20%; p=0.64)10 (Ref)4 (–60%; p=0.12)9 (–10%; p=0.82)6 (–40%; p=0.32)
  Motorcyclist4 (Ref)2 (–50%; p=0.42)4 (0%; p=1.00)
  Pedal cyclist1 (0%; p=1.00). (Ref)
 Sex
  Male14 (–22%; p=0.48)18 (Ref)13 (–28%; p=0.37)25 (+39%; p=0.29)14 (–22%; p=0.48)
  Female21 (–13%; p=0.66)24 (Ref)18 (–25%; p=0.36)13 (–46%; p=0.08)16 (–33%; p=0.21)
 Age (years)
  Under 164 (+33%; p=0.71)3 (Ref)2 (–33%; p=0.66)2 (–33%; p=0.66)2 (–33%; p=0.66)
  16–247 (+133%; p=0.22)3 (Ref)6 (+100%; p=0.33)5 (+67%; p=0.48)3 (0%; p=1.00)
  25–344 (–56%; p=0.18)9 (Ref)1 (–89%; p=0.04)5 (–44%; p=0.29)6 (–33%; p=0.44)
  35–498 (–27%; p=0.49)11 (Ref)9 (–18%; p=0.66)11 (0%; p=1.00)7 (–36%; p=0.35)
  50–648 (–0%; p=1.00)8 (Ref)7 (–13%; p=0.80)8 (0%; p=1.00)6 (–25%; p=0.59)
  65+4 (–50%; p=0.26)8 (Ref)6 (–25%; p=0.59)7 (–13%; p=0.80)6 (–25%; p=0.59)
 Overall35 (–17%; p=0.43)42 (Ref)31 (–26%; p=0.20)38 (–10%; p=0.66)30 (–29%; p=0.16)
  • –, missing data; Ref, reference case.