Association between V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index and excess mortality per 100 000 population (n=75)
| Variable | Change in excess mortality per 100 000 for one-unit change in variable | P value | 95% CI |
| V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index (LDI) | −2.18 | 0.004 | −3.64 to −0.72 |
| Age ≥65 years (%) | 13.3 | <0.001 | 7.19 to 19.4 |
| Population female (%) | 3.31 | 0.46 | −5.65 to 12.3 |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | −0.001 | 0.15 | −0.003 to 0.0005 |
| UHC Service Coverage Index | −3.87 | 0.11 | −8.70 to 0.96 |
R2=0.39.
GDP, gross domestic product; UHC, Universal Health Coverage.