Table 4

Selection of literature: kappa values and characteristics for studies evaluating kappa statistics for agreement

Authors	Ref	Cohort characteristics	Age group	Kappa*
Authors	Ref	Cohort characteristics	Age group	HYP	DM	MI	HF	Stroke	KD	Cancer	Asthma	CB/COPD	RA	Arthrosis
Camplain et al	5	Prospective cohort recruited from US communities (n=11 846)	6083y				0.39
Okura et al	8	Population-based prospective cohort to study cardiac function (n=2307)	Mean: 61y	0.75	0.76	0.80	0.46	0.71
Hansen et al	9	Multimorbid participants recruited from GP practices (n=3189)	mean: 74.4y	0.56	0.80		0.24	0.55		0.50	0.61§		0.27	0.29
van den Akker et al	10	Prospective, dynamic cohort recruited from healthcare centres (n=2893)	Mean: 68y		0.86	0.57		0.52		0.60	0.58§		0.17
Kriegsman et al	11	Independently living participants drawn from population registries (n=2380)	5585y		0.85			0.56		0.66	0.63§		0.35
Merzenich et al	12	Breast cancer patients recruited from hospitals (n=1212)	Mean: 65.9y	0.71	0.78	0.54	0.34	0.61	0.40			0.57
Barber et al	13	Population-based cohort, recruited from three GP practices (n=5889)	≥50y	0.67	0.90
Englert et al	14	Patients with primary hypercholesterinaemia enrolled in primary care centres (n=7640)	Mean: 61y	0.69	0.89	0.55	0.29	0.44
Merkin et al	15	End-stage renal disease patients recruited from dialysis clinics (n=965)	Mean: 58y	0.20	0.93	0.55	0.47	0.59		0.67		0.20
Muggah et al	16	Sample of community dwelling general population (n=85 549)	≤20y	0.66	0.80	0.48	0.33	0.36			0.55	0.29
Leikauf et al	17	Participants randomly recruited from outpatient practices (n=323)	Mean: 73.1y	0.59	0.94						0.66
Corser et al	18	Hospitalised Acute Coronary Syndrome patients (n=525)	Mean: 59.7y		0.80	0.63	0.09	0.54	0.47	0.33	0.43		0.07
Teh et al	19	Octogenarians of general population (n=878)	Mean: 82.3y†, 84.6y‡	0.44		0.45	0.19	0.43
This study		Mobile elderly general population drawn from population registries (n=589)	Mean: 79.0y	0.50	0.76	0.58	0.26	0.59	0.15	0.66	0.53	0.31	0.19	0.16

We listed the literature reference, the author, a concise summary describing the study cohort and an age reference. Mean age was used if available, otherwise we depicted the study cohort’s age range. Kappa values shown for HYP, DM, MI, HF, KD, CB)/COPD, RA, arthrosis.
*Highest reported kappa values for each disease were used, as they may vary due to different disease-definitions within a study.
† Age evaluated for Māori and
‡Non-Māori participants in New Zealand;
§Evaluated asthma and COPD as one category or as ‘chronic lung disease’.
CB, chronic bronchitis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; DM, diabetes; HF, heart failure; HYP, hypertension; KD, stroke, kidney disease; MI, myocardial infarction; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; REF, literature reference.