Table 1

Sample characteristics in the pre-pandemic and pandemic Usoc waves* (unweighted sample)

	Full sample (unweighted)
	Pre-pandemic		Pandemic		Total
Outcome
GHQ case
No	10 088		22 070		32 171
%	82.7		76.1		78.0
Yes	2104		6945		9055
%	17.3		23.9		22.1
Total	12 192		29 015		41 207
%	100.0		100.0		100.0
Control variables (categorical)
Sex
Male	5235		12 123		17 358
%	43.0		41.8		42.1
Female	6957		16 892		23 849
%	57.1		58.2		57.9
Total	12 192		29 015		41 207
%	100.0		100.0		100.0
Race
White	11 124		26 767		37 891
%	91.2		92.3		92.0
Non-white	1068		2248		3316
%	8.8		7.8		8.1
Total	12 192		29 015		41 207
%	100.0		100.0		100.0
UK country
England	9874		23 571		33 445
%	81.0		81.2		81.2
Wales	721		1684		2405
%	5.9		5.8		5.8
Scotland	1098		2662		3760
%	9.0		9.2		9.1
Northern Ireland	499		1098		1597
%	4.1		3.8		3.9
Total	12 192		29 015		41 207
%	100.0		100.0		100.0
Employment type
Employed	10 474		24 335		34 809
%	85.9		83.9		84.5
Self-employed, both or other	1718		4680		6398
%	14.1		16.1		15.5
Total	12 192		29 015		41 207
%	100.0		100.0		100.0
Control variables (continuous)
	Pre-pandemic		Pandemic		Total
Age	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
	46.6	11.3	48.8	11.3	48.2	11.3

*Wave 9 response rate for households (ie, at least 1 member responding) was 84.7% and the response rate for individuals (for full interview) was 76.8%;22 wave 10/11 response rates are not published as it is a combined survey bridging the gap between the latest annually collected data; and response rates for the COVID-19 surveys for those that were interviewed fully or partially at wave 9 are 42.0% for April, 35.1% for May, 33.5% for June, 32.6% for July, 30.6% for September and 28.6% for November.20 23–25
Usoc, Understanding Society.