Table 2

Unstratified regression models (Models 1–3)

		Interaction multiplicative effect						Interaction additive effect
		ORs		95% CI†		P values†		Average marginal effect*	95% CI†	P values†
		Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Adjusted
Model 1 (Industry SIC 2007)	Accommodation and food services	2.32	2.71	1.57 to 5.40	1.57‒4.68	0.002	0.001	0.11	0.05 to 0.18	0.001
	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	0.56	0.65	0.18 to 1.77	0.2‒2.14	0.323	0.483	−0.04	−0.16 to 0.08	0.528
	Mining, energy and water supply	1.31	1.67	0.58 to 2.98	0.72‒3.86	0.512	0.231	0.06	−0.03 to 0.15	0.210
	Manufacturing	2.40	3.01	1.57 to 3.63	1.92‒4.74	0.001	0.001	0.09	0.05 to 0.13	0.001
	Construction	2.20	2.73	1.29 to 3.77	1.55‒4.81	0.004	0.001	0.08	0.04 to 0.12	0.001
	Wholesale and retail trade motor repair	1.93	2.33	1.37 to 2.71	1.61‒3.38	0.001	0.001	0.08	0.05 to 0.12	0.001
	Transportation and storage	1.40	1.73	0.76 to 2.35	0.95‒3.13	0.243	0.072	0.04	−0.01 to 0.09	0.075
	Information and communication	1.97	2.39	1.18 to 3.30	1.41‒4.07	0.010	0.001	0.08	0.04 to 0.13	0.001
	Financial and insurance activities	1.20	1.42	0.76 to 1.88	0.88‒2.28	0.440	0.148	0.03	−0.01 to 0.07	0.131
	Real estate activities	1.90	2.38	0.77 to 4.73	0.92‒6.14	0.167	0.073	0.09	−0.01 to 0.19	0.070
	Professional, scientific and technical	2.60	3.15	1.85 to 3.67	2.17‒4.57	0.001	0.001	0.10	0.07 to 0.13	0.001
	Administrative and support services	1.79	2.06	1.08 to 2.95	1.22‒3.49	0.024	0.007	0.06	0.02 to 0.10	0.004
	Public administration and defence	1.71	2.20	1.22 to 2.41	1.52‒3.17	0.002	0.001	0.08	0.04 to 0.11	0.001
	Education	2.02	2.44	1.58 to 2.57	1.84‒3.23	0.001	0.001	0.09	0.06 to 0.12	0.001
	Human health and social work activities	1.81	2.18	1.46 to 2.26	1.69‒2.83	0.001	0.001	0.08	0.06 to 0.11	0.001
	Other services	1.87	2.27	1.28 to 2.73	1.52‒3.4	0.001	0.001	0.07	0.04 to 0.11	0.001
(Model 2) Socioeconomic class NS-SEC	Large employers and higher management	1.56	1.91	1.08 to 2.26	1.29‒2.83	0.019	0.001	0.07	0.03 to 0.11	0.001
	Higher professional	2.11	2.60	1.61 to 2.78	1.92‒3.52	0.001	0.001	0.09	0.06 to 0.11	0.001
	Lower management and professional	1.95	2.38	1.66 to 2.29	1.92‒2.95	0.001	0.001	0.08	0.07 to 0.10	0.001
	Intermediate	1.72	2.08	1.33 to 2.23	1.54‒2.8	0.001	0.001	0.07	0.04 to 0.10	0.001
	Small employers and own account	2.60	3.24	1.89 to 3.57	2.28‒4.63	0.001	0.001	0.10	0.07 to 0.14	0.001
	Lower supervisory and technical	1.91	2.31	1.23 to 2.96	1.44‒3.7	0.004	0.001	0.08	0.03 to 0.12	0.001
	Semi-routine	1.79	2.13	1.37 to 2.33	1.57‒2.89	0.001	0.001	0.07	0.04 to 0.10	0.001
	Routine	1.36	1.66	0.9 to 2.06	1.06‒2.58	0.145	0.025	0.05	0.01 to 0.09	0.022
(Model 3) Occupation (SOC)	Managers–directors and senior officials	2.09	2.56	1.52 to 2.86	1.78‒3.67	0.001	0.001	0.10	0.06 to 0.13	0.001
	Professional occupations	1.91	2.34	1.54 to 2.37	1.78‒3.06	0.001	0.001	0.09	0.06 to 0.12	0.001
	Associate professional and technical occupations	2.00	2.47	1.52 to 2.64	1.78‒3.42	0.001	0.001	0.09	0.06 to 0.12	0.001
	Administrative and secretarial occupations	1.55	1.89	1.14 to 2.09	1.32‒2.7	0.00	0.001	0.07	0.03 to 0.11	0.001
	Skilled trades occupations	2.32	2.88	1.25 to 4.32	1.48‒5.6	0.008	0.002	0.09	0.04 to 0.15	0.002
	Caring–leisure and other service occupations	1.82	2.17	1.28 to 2.59	1.45‒3.24	0.001	0.00	0.07	0.03 to 0.11	0.001
	Sales and customer service occupations	2.50	3.01	1.38 to 4.54	1.61‒5.62	0.003	0.001	0.11	0.05 to 0.17	0.001
	Process–plant and machine operatives	2.01	2.47	1.08 to 3.75	1.28‒4.74	0.029	0.007	0.07	0.02 to 0.13	0.011
	Elementary occupations	1.26	1.60	0.8 to 1.99	0.98‒2.61	0.320	0.063	0.05	−0.01 to 0.10	0.058

Note: grey-shadowed areas represent estimations for the unadjusted models.
*Show the change in probability of GHQ caseness from pre-pandemic period to pandemic period.
†CIs and p values are estimated for the interaction term separately for each value of our exposure variables.
GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; NS-SEC, National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification; SIC, Standard Industrial Classification.