Table 1

Association of homelessness in early adulthood with biomedical risk factors in middle age

Biomarker	Homeless, mean (SD)		Analytical sample size	Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted		Analytical sample size	Adjusted*
Biomarker	No	Yes	Analytical sample size	Coefficient	95% CI	Analytical sample size	Coefficient	95% CI
Body mass index	28.38 (5.46)	28.96 (6.06)	6431	0.61	0.03 to 1.19	6185	0.51	−0.09 to 1.10
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	125.21 (15.87)	123.70 (14.91)	6528	−0.68	−2.25 to 0.89	6280	−0.88	−2.49 to 0.74
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	77.90 (11.57)	77.11 (11.92)	6528	−0.41	−1.59 to 0.78	6280	−0.67	−1.90 to 0.55
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.40 (1.00)	5.33 (1.04)	5293	−0.03	−0.15 to 0.08	5084	−0.09	−0.21 to 0.03
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	1.53 (0.45)	1.44 (0.38)	5283	−0.11	−0.16 to –0.06	5074	−0.08	−0.13 to 0.03
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.90 (1.51)	1.92 (1.40)	2977	0.14	−0.08 to 0.36	2865	−0.03	−0.26 to 0.20
Glycated haemoglobin, mmol/mol	37.05 (9.26)	37.17 (7.14)	5239	0.27	−0.82 to 1.35	5033	−0.41	−1.53 to 0.72
Framingham risk score†	5.36 (4.45)	5.63 (5.03)	5184	0.02	−0.03 to 0.08	4978	−0.03	−0.08 to 0.02
C reactive protein, log units	0.16 (1.08)	0.39 (1.08)	2947	0.22	0.06 to 0.39	2836	0.14	−0.03 to 0.31
Insulin-like growth factor 1, nmol/L	18.39 (5.00)	17.88 (4.88)	2972	−0.43	−1.19 to 0.34	2861	−0.08	−0.87 to 0.71

*Adjusted for age and sex plus socioeconomic disadvantage (leaving school aged <16 years old, highest educational achievement, being unemployed), psychiatric morbidity (Malaise score ≥7) and having seen doctor for psychiatric problem, smoking status, alcohol problems (CAGE score ≥2) and lifetime illicit drug use.
†Age, sex and current smoking not adjusted in the analyses of the Framingham risk score as they are used in its calculation.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein.;