Multivariable relationships between baseline characteristics and 10-year frailty trajectories (N=2095)
| Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | |||
| Medium trajectory | High trajectory | |||
| RRR (95% CI) | P value | RRR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.12) | 0.238 | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.38) | 0.016 |
| Sex (ref. male): female | 0.98 (0.78 to 1.24) | 0.884 | 1.11 (0.69 to 1.78) | 0.659 |
| Education (ref. basic compulsory) | ||||
| Apprenticeship | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.46) | 0.579 | 1.41 (0.83 to 2.39) | 0.201 |
| Postcompulsory schooling | 1.00 (0.74 to 1.35) | 0.998 | 0.82 (0.47 to 1.46) | 0.505 |
| Living arrangement (ref. not alone): alone | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.34) | 0.603 | 0.98 (0.63 to 1.52) | 0.924 |
| Social engagement (ref. no): yes | 0.77 (0.62 to 0.95) | 0.015 | 0.38 (0.25 to 0.58) | <0.001 |
| Smoking (ref. never smoker): | ||||
| Former smoker | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.35) | 0.63 | 1.00 (0.62 to 1.62) | 0.993 |
| Current smoker | 1.63 (1.21 to 2.19) | 0.001 | 2.53 (1.43 to 4.47) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index (ref. <30 kg/m2): ≥30 kg/m2 | 2.11 (1.62 to 2.73) | <0.001 | 4.04 (2.58 to 6.32) | <0.001 |
| Self-rated health (ref. (very) good) | ||||
| Average, poor or very poor | 2.20 (1.67 to 2.90) | <0.001 | 8.57 (5.32 to 13.80) | <0.001 |
| Chronic conditions (ref. 0) | ||||
| 1 | 1.25 (0.96 to 1.63) | 0.098 | 1.05 (0.56 to 1.98) | 0.872 |
| 2 | 1.74 (1.29 to 2.36) | <0.001 | 1.57 (0.81 to 3.03) | 0.183 |
| 3+ | 2.33 (1.59 to 3.42) | <0.001 | 2.79 (1.39 to 5.60) | 0.004 |
| Cognitive complaints (ref. no): yes | 1.30 (0.95 to 1.77) | 0.101 | 1.82 (1.10 to 3.02) | 0.021 |
| Depressive feelings (ref. no): yes | 1.13 (0.86 to 1.49) | 0.364 | 1.35 (0.84 to 2.15) | 0.213 |
| Frailty phenotype (ref. non-frail): prefrail or frail | 9.18 (6.87 to 12.26) | <0.001 | 50.69 (30.31 to 84.76) | <0.001 |
Notes: ref.: cluster 1 ‘low’ frailty trajectory.
ref., reference; RRR, relative risk ratio.