Table 3

Path model to test effects of reading problems at age 11 on Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III scores at age 69

FluencyLanguageAttentionMemoryVisuospatial
Reading problems−1.19 (0.21), <0.001*−1.39 (0.12), <0.001−0.45 (0.20), 0.03−1.95 (0.30), <0.001−0.43 (0.14), 0.002
−0.13 (0.02), <0.001†−0.29 (0.02), <0.0010.06 (0.03), 0.03−0.16 (0.03), <0.0010.08 (0.03), 0.002
Sex0.35 (0.10), <0.0010.08 (0.06), 0.16−0.31 (0.09), <0.0010.68 (0.14), <0.001−0.11 (0.06), 0.08
0.08 (0.02), <0.0010.03 (0.02), 0.16−0.09 (0.03), 0.0010.12 (0.02), <0.001−0.05 (0.03), 0.08
Education0.49 (0.07), <0.0010.22 (0.04), <0.0010.20 (0.07), 0.0030.64 (0.10), <0.0010.30 (0.05), <0.001
0.19 (0.03), <0.0010.16 (0.03), <0.0010.09 (0.03), 0.0030.19 (0.03), <0.0010.20 (0.03), <0.001
Childhood SEP−0.14 (0.04), 0.001−0.06 (0.02), 0.01−0.02 (0.04), 0.55−0.16 (0.06), 0.006−0.07 (0.03), 0.009
−0.08 (0.03), 0.001−0.06 (0.03), 0.01−0.02 (0.03), 0.55−0.07 (0.03), 0.006−0.07 (0.03), 0.008
Adulthood SEP−0.20 (0.05), <0.001−0.11 (0.03), <0.001−0.11 (0.04), 0.02−0.27 (0.06), <0.001−0.11 (0.03), <0.001
−0.11 (0.03), <0.001−0.12 (0.03), <0.001−0.07 (0.03), 0.020.12 (0.03), <0.001−0.11 (0.03), <0.001
Affective symptoms−0.02 (0.01), 0.29−0.02 (0.01), 0.02−0.01 (0.01), 0.57−0.08 (0.02), <0.001−0.01 (0.01), 0.12
−0.02 (0.02), 0.29−0.05 (0.02), 0.02−0.02 (0.03), 0.57−0.09 (0.02), <0.001−0.04 (0.03), 0.12
  • Model fit statistics: N=1699; χ2(1)=2.63, p=0.11; Comparative Fit Index=0.999; Tucker Lewis Index=0.953; root mean square error of approximation=0.031.

  • Missing data handled using full information maximum likelihood.

  • *b (SE), p.

  • †Standardised beta presented on second rows.

  • SEP, Socioeconomic position.