Table 2

Multilevel linear regression models on depressive symptoms

	State inequality
	(1)		(2)		(3)		(4)		(5)
	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI
Poorest quartile	0.543 (0.0000)	0.35 to 0.74	0.592 (0.0000)	0.39 to 0.79	0.431 (0.0001)	0.22 to 0.64	0.412 (0.0002)	0.20 to 0.63	0.418 (0.0001)	0.21 to 0.63
Second quartile	0.610 (0.0000)	0.46 to 0.76	0.562 (0.0000)	0.40 to 0.73	0.506 (0.0000)	0.34 to 0.67	0.483 (0.0000)	0.31 to 0.66	0.455 (0.0000)	0.28 to 0.63
Third quartile	0.349 (0.0000)	0.22 to 0.48	0.271 (0.0002)	0.13 to 0.41	0.268 (0.0002)	0.13 to 0.41	0.255 (0.0005)	0.11 to 0.40	0.224 (0.0026)	0.08 to 0.37
Relative deprivation	0.173 (0.0000)	0.11 to 0.24			0.137 (0.0001)	0.07 to 0.21	0.216 (0.0115)	0.05 to 0.38	0.120 (0.0009)	0.05 to 0.19
Relative affluence			−0.162 (0.0000)	−0.24 to −0.09	−0.102 (0.0123)	−0.18 to −0.02	−0.109 (0.0080)	−0.19 to −0.03	−0.367 (0.0003)	−0.56 to −0.17
Gini	2.340 (0.5260)	−4.89 to 9.57	2.635 (0.4329)	−3.95 to 9.22	2.439 (0.3767)	−2.97 to 7.85	2.831 (0.2616)	−2.11 to 7.77	1.119 (0.5998)	−3.06 to 5.30
Relative deprivation Gini							−0.450 (0.3036)	−1.31 to 0.41
Relative affluence Gini									1.342 (0.0048)	0.41 to 2.27
Observations	44 324		44 324		44 324		44 324		44 324
Overall R²	0.0881		0.0880		0.0882		0.0884		0.0883
Between R²	0.3099		0.3199		0.3203		0.3355		0.3188
Within R²	0.0867		0.0865		0.0868		0.0870		0.0868

	Municipal inequality
	(6)		(7)		(8)		(9)		(10)
	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI
Poorest quartile	0.681 (0.0000)	0.42 to 0.94	0.748 (0.0000)	0.49 to 1.00	0.504 (0.0013)	0.20 to 0.81	0.389 (0.0177)	0.07 to 0.71	0.455 (0.0040)	0.15 to 0.76
Second quartile	0.652 (0.0000)	0.48 to 0.82	0.627 (0.0000)	0.43 to 0.83	0.516 (0.0000)	0.30 to 0.73	0.397 (0.0009)	0.16 to 0.63	0.413 (0.0003)	0.19 to 0.64
Third quartile	0.360 (0.0000)	0.23 to 0.49	0.306 (0.0001)	0.15 to 0.46	0.266 (0.0011)	0.11 to 0.42	0.193 (0.0251)	0.02 to 0.36	0.175 (0.0421)	0.01 to 0.34
Relative deprivation	0.135 (0.0014)	0.05 to 0.22			0.119 (0.0054)	0.04 to 0.20	0.297 (0.0004)	0.13 to 0.46	0.095 (0.0297)	0.01 to 0.18
Relative affluence			−0.122 (0.0086)	−0.21 to –0.03	−0.098 (0.0366)	−0.19 to −0.01	−0.142 (0.0048)	−0.24 to −0.04	−0.385 (0.0002)	−0.59 to −0.18
Gini	−0.707 (0.6798)	−4.07 to 2.65	−0.099 (0.9542)	−3.47 to 3.27	−0.371 (0.8294)	−3.74 to 3.00	0.984 (0.5861)	−2.56 to 4.53	−1.904 (0.2873)	−5.41 to 1.60
Relative deprivation Gini							−1.282 (0.0140)	−2.30 to −0.26
Relative affluence Gini									1.641 (0.0016)	0.62 to 2.66
Observations	44 324		44 324		44 324		44 324		44 324
Overall R²	0.0875		0.0874		0.0876		0.0878		0.0876
Between R²	0.0942		0.0894		0.0951		0.0941		0.0915
Within R²	0.0864		0.0864		0.0865		0.0867		0.0867

All models include a full set of control variables: number of people in the household, chronically ill, victim of violence, limitations in daily life activities, social programme recipient, health insurance, gender, economic activity, age, married, drinking frequency, hospitals per inhabitant.
For models 1–5 the second level is the state. For models 6–10 the second level is the municipality.