Sex-adjusted regression models of the association of childhood social class (age 4) and adult social class (age 53), respectively, with four DNA methylation AA markers measured at age 53 in men and women (n=1273)
| Horvath AA | Hannum AA | PhenoAge AA | GrimAge AA | |
| Coeff. (95% CI) | Coeff. (95% CI) | Coeff. (95% CI) | Coeff. (95% CI) | |
| Childhood social class | ||||
| Professional | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Intermediate | 1.02 (−0.05 to 2.08) | 0.61 (−0.48 to 1.71) | 1.69 (0.22 to 3.16) | 1.26 (−0.02 to 2.54) |
| Skilled non-manual | 0.42 (−0.63 to 1.47) | 0.81 (−0.27 to 1.89) | 1.83 (0.38 to 3.29) | 0.85 (−0.42 to 2.12) |
| Skilled manual | 0.60 (−0.41 to 1.61) | 1.27 (0.24 to 2.30) | 2.69 (1.30 to 4.07) | 2.55 (1.34 to 3.76) |
| Partly skilled | 0.45 (−0.59 to 1.50) | 1.34 (0.26 to 2.41) | 2.23 (0.78 to 3.67) | 2.14 (0.88 to 3.40) |
| Unskilled | 1.00 (−0.33 to 2.33) | 2.04 (0.68 to 3.41) | 3.59 (1.75 to 5.43) | 2.95 (1.35 to 4.56) |
| P value for trend | 0.94 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Adult social class | ||||
| Professional | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Intermediate | −0.20 (−1.15 to 0.74) | 0.43 (−0.54 to 1.40) | 0.41 (−0.91 to 1.72) | 0.89 (−0.24 to 2.03) |
| Skilled non-manual | 0.06 (−0.96 to 1.07) | 0.91 (−0.14 to 1.95) | 1.13 (−0.28 to 2.54) | 1.45 (0.23 to 2.67) |
| Skilled manual | 0.84 (−0.18 to 1.86) | 1.28 (0.23 to 2.33) | 1.18 (−0.24 to 2.60) | 3.01 (1.78 to 4.24) |
| Partly skilled | −0.33 (−1.42 to 0.77) | −0.11 (−1.23 to 1.02) | 1.12 (−0.40 to 2.64) | 2.16 (0.84 to 3.47) |
| Unskilled | −0.52 (−1.91 to 0.87) | 0.58 (−0.85 to 2.00) | 2.25 (0.32 to 4.18) | 3.70 (2.04 to 5.37) |
| P value for trend | 0.04* | 0.01* | 0.01 | <0.001* |
*Test for heterogeneity across groups if evidence of deviation from linearity.
AA, age acceleration.