Sex-adjusted regression models of the association of highest educational attainment (age 26) and household income (age 53) separately, with four DNA methylation AA markers measured at age 53 in men and women (n=1361 and 1315, respectively)
| Horvath AA | Hannum AA | PhenoAge AA | GrimAge AA | |
| Coeff. (95% CI) | Coeff. (95% CI) | Coeff. (95% CI) | Coeff. (95% CI) | |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| Higher education | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| School post16 | −0.40 (−1.21 to 0.40) | 0.24 (−0.59 to 1.07) | 0.35 (−0.77 to 1.47) | 1.45 (0.49 to 2.42) |
| Vocational/school to 16 | −0.39 (−1.19 to 0.41) | 0.70 (−0.12 to 1.53) | 1.16 (0.05 to 2.28) | 2.44 (1.47 to 3.40) |
| No qualifications | −0.28 (−1.06 to 0.49) | 0.36 (−0.44 to 1.16) | 1.21 (0.12 to 2.29) | 4.06 (3.13 to 5.00) |
| P value for trend | 0.80 | 0.38 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Household income | ||||
| £45 000 or more | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| £35 000–£44 999 | 0.64 (−0.38 to 1.66) | 0.74 (−0.30 to 1.77) | 1.06 (−0.35 to 2.46) | 1.32 (0.10 to 2.54) |
| £30 000–£34 999 | 0.28 (−0.65 to 1.20) | 0.74 (−0.19 to 1.68) | 0.74 (−0.52 to 2.01) | 0.64 (−0.46 to 1.75) |
| £25 000–£29 999 | 0.53 (−0.49 to 1.55) | 0.27 (−0.77 to 1.31) | −0.02 (−1.42 to 1.39) | 0.16 (−1.06 to 1.38) |
| £20 000–£24 999 | 0.65 (−0.25 to 1.54) | 0.87 (−0.04 to 1.79) | 1.39 (0.16 to 2.62) | 1.38 (0.30 to 2.45) |
| £15 000–£19 999 | 0.35 (−0.56 to 1.26) | 0.96 (0.03 to 1.89) | 1.79 (0.54 to 3.04) | 2.59 (1.51 to 3.68) |
| £10 000–£14 999 | 0.17 (−0.73 to 1.08) | 0.73 (−0.19 to 1.65) | 1.48 (0.24 to 2.73) | 2.53 (1.45 to 3.61) |
| Less than £10 000 | 0.69 (−0.25 to 1.63) | 1.46 (0.50 to 2.41) | 2.37 (1.07 to 3.66) | 3.73 (2.60 to 4.86) |
| P value for trend | 0.56 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
*Test for heterogeneity across groups if evidence of deviation from linearity.
AA, age acceleration.