Estimated causal effect of DREAMS on knowledge of HIV status, from regression analysis with adjustment for the ‘propensity to be a DREAMS beneficiary’ score and age, overall and stratified by age group
| % Know status in total study population | Estimated % know status if none benefit from DREAMS | 95% CI | Estimated % Know status if all benefit from DREAMS | 95% CI | Marginal causal per cent difference (%) (PS adjusted) | 95% CI | Prevalence ratio (PS adjusted) | 95% CI | OR (PS adjusted) | 95% CI | PAF* | 95% CI | |
| Nairobi | |||||||||||||
| Overall | 80.67 | 65.1 | (60.9 to 69.5) | 92.9 | (90.6 to 95.0) | 27.77 | (22.8 to 32.6) | 1.43 | (1.33 to 1.53) | 6.98 | (4.84 to 10.47) | 19.3 | |
| 15–17 years | 75.69 | 61.1 | (53.9 to 67.7) | 92.8 | (89.9 to 95.2) | 31.76 | (24.9 to 39.1) | 1.52 | (1.37 to 1.72) | 8.26 | (5.46 to 13.83) | 19.28 | |
| 18–22 years | 85.77 | 70.9 | (64.4 to 78.2) | 93.5 | (89.6 to 97.0) | 22.61 | (15.0 to 29.7) | 1.32 | (1.19 to 1.47) | 5.93 | (3.16 to 13.34) | 17.34 | |
| uMkhanyakude | |||||||||||||
| Overall | 44.96 | 42.30 | (39.79 to 44.74) | 45.87 | (40.75 to 49.97) | 3.57 | (−1.92 to 8.35) | 1.08 | (0.96 to 1.20) | 1.16 | (0.92 to 1.40) | 5.90 | (2.37 to 9.36) |
| 13–17 years | 30.45 | 26.49 | (23.18 to 30.08) | 35.43 | (32.13 to 38.95) | 8.95 | (4.81 to 14.41) | 1.38 | (1.17 to 1.62) | 1.52 | (1.26 to 2.00) | 13.01 | (7.41 to 21.74) |
| 18–22 years | 61.07 | 61.15 | (57.82 to 64.53) | 58.31 | (50.24 to 63.90) | −2.84 | (−11.11 to 5.67) | 0.95 | (0.82 to 1.07) | 0.89 | (61.12 to 1.19) | −0.14 | (−2.98 to 2.81) |
*PAF estimate as ((% know status in the total study population) – (predicted % who know status if no DREAMs))/% know status in the total study population.
DREAMS, Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe; PAF, Population attributable fraction; PS, propensity score.