Table 2

Psychosocial characteristics of sample population for the full sample and separately by sex

VariablePooled sampleFemalesMales
n (% in each category)% Depressedχ2 P valuen (% in each category)% Depressedχ2 P valuen (% in each category)% Depressedχ2 P value
Poor self-perceived quality of life0.018<0.0010.716
 No1130 (46)27451 (40)20679 (51)31
 Yes1328 (54)31685 (60)32643 (49)30
Self-esteem0.001<0.0010.009
 High775 (32)25321 (28)22454 (34)27
 Moderate906 (37)29454 (40)22452 (34)36
 Low777 (32)33361 (32)38416 (31)29
Locus of control<0.0010.001<0.001
 High948 (39)19420 (37)21528 (40)18
 Moderate730 (30)32358 (32)33372 (28)31
 Low780 (32)38358 (32)28422 (32)46
  • Depression is defined using a cut-off of 10 or higher on the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.