Sample characteristics, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 1985–2015
| Panel A: demographics | Mean (SD) or % | |
| Female | 54.5 | |
| Head of household race | ||
| White | 54.3 | |
| Black | 33.3 | |
| Hispanic | 10.4 | |
| Other | 1.9 | |
| Age (years) | 43.7 (15.7) | |
| Head of household married | 53.2 | |
| Education (completed) | ||
| Less than high school | 19.4 | |
| Completed high school | 37.6 | |
| Completed some college | 22.4 | |
| Completed college | 20.7 | |
| Number of children | 0.9 (1.2) | |
| Household pre-tax earned income* (US$) | 50 423 (73 175) | |
| Eligible for EITC | 31.7 | |
| EITC refund amount* (US$) | 1701 (1577) | |
| Panel B: outcomes | Mean (SD) or % | No. person-years |
| Psychological distress | 3.5 (4.1) | 59 734 |
| Very good/excellent overall health | 53.3 | 289 611 |
| Currently drink alcohol | 60.2 | 116 066 |
| Consume three or more drinks per day | 13.9 | 115 015 |
| Currently smoke | 21.3 | 127 246 |
| Cigarettes per day | 2.9 (7.2) | 126 944 |
N=34 824 persons, 289 877 person-years.
*Inflation-adjusted.
EITC, earned income tax credit.