Characteristics of participants by cohort
| Participant characteristics | Cohort study birth year | |||
| 1958 | 1970 | 1989–1990 | 2000–2002 | |
| Sample size | ||||
| Questionnaire respondents (n=13 953) | 5178 | 4223 | 1907 | 2645 |
| Included participants (n=13 736) | 5119 | 4132 | 1876 | 2609 |
| Participant characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 62 | 50 | 30–31 | 19–20 |
| Males (%) | 2432 (47.51) | 1708 (41.48) | 633 (34.76) | 770 (29.51) |
| Non-white ethnicity (%) | N/A | N/A | 361 (19.27) | 367 (14.17) |
| Adult SEP GCSE—none (%) | 1837 (36.61) | 1416 (36.43) | 434 (24.82) | 986 (40.12) |
| Childhood SEP I–III (%) | 1897 (43.61) | 1727 (48.74) | 1227 (69.36) | 1755 (79.70) |
| Chronic Illness (%) | 3099 (61.24) | 1955 (48.08) | 715 (39.20) | 830 (33.33) |
| Shielding letter (%) | 334 (6.57) | 196 (4.77) | 56 (3.00) | 60 (2.30) |
| Key workers (%) | 938 (18.32) | 1396 (33.79) | 583 (31.08) | 196 (7.51) |
| Outcomes | ||||
| COVID-19 infection—yes (%) | 296 (5.78) | 379 (9.18) | 197 (10.50) | 158 (6.06) |
| Change in financial situation—worse (%) | 1504 (30.61) | 1331 (33.23) | 534 (29.80) | 658 (27.08) |
| Change in trust in government—less (%) | 1035 (21.78) | 889 (22.93) | 550 (32.64) | 680 (29.93) |
| Change in conflict—same/more (%) | 197 (4.15) | 287 (7.41) | 177 (10.47) | 488 (21.45) |
| Change in household composition—yes (%) | 586 (11.84) | 532 (13.25) | 256 (14.08) | 644 (25.76) |
| Change in psychological distress—more (%) | 1215 (27.65) | 989 (29.71) | 825 (55.86) | 1885 (43.70) |
| Change in alcohol consumption—more (%) | 953 (20.38) | 1235 (31.97) | 580 (33.16) | 380 (16.14) |
| Change in cigarette smoking—more (%) | 102 (1.99) | 172 (4.16) | 88 (4.69) | 100 (3.83) |
| Change in sleep duration—less (%) | 708 (14.74) | 777 (19.87) | 384 (22.25) | 511 (21.90) |
The percentages have been derived after subtracting the number of missing data.
1958 refers to National Child Development Study; 1970 refers to British Cohort Study; 1989–1990 refers to Next Steps; 2000–2002 refers to Millennium Cohort Study.
GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; N/A, not available; SEP, socioeconomic position.