Variable | Full sample | Females | Males | ||||||
Mean CES-D10 | Estimate (95% CI) | P value | Mean CES-D10 | Estimate (95% CI) | P value | Mean CES-D10 | Estimate (95% CI) | P value | |
Poor self-perceived quality of life | |||||||||
No | 6.51 | Reference category | 5.86 | Reference category | 6.94 | Reference category | |||
Yes | 6.86 | 0.81 (0.40 to 1.21) | <0.001 | 7.11 | 1.39 (0.80 to 1.99) | <0.001 | 6.59 | 0.29 (−0.25 to 0.84) | 0.292 |
Self-esteem | |||||||||
High | 6.21 | Reference category | 6.30 | Reference category | 6.15 | Reference category | |||
Moderate | 6.53 | 0.65 (0.18 to 1.13) | 0.007 | 5.74 | −0.30 (−1.01 to 0.41) | 0.405 | 7.33 | 1.73 (1.12 to 2.34) | <0.001 |
Low | 7.38 | 1.43 (0.95 to 1.92) | <0.001 | 7.99 | 1.82 (1.09 to 2.56) | <0.001 | 6.84 | 1.20 (0.58 to 1.82) | <0.001 |
Locus of control | |||||||||
High | 5.57 | Reference category | 5.91 | Reference category | 5.31 | Reference category | |||
Moderate | 7.06 | 1.52 (1.06 to 1.98) | <0.001 | 7.23 | 1.31 (0.63 to 2.00) | <0.001 | 6.90 | 1.33 (0.72 to 1.93) | <0.001 |
Low | 7.73 | 1.98 (1.52 to 2.44) | <0.001 | 6.82 | 0.91 (0.22 to 1.61) | 0.010 | 8.50 | 2.24 (1.62 to 2.86) | <0.001 |
Reported CES-D10 means are unadjusted. Bivariate regressions tested associations of psychosocial characteristics with depressive symptoms and adjusted for stratification variables. Linear mixed models were used to account for clustering of CES-D10 within and between villages. Random effects are not shown.
CES-D10, 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.