Changes in health status between adults who did and did not receive EIP at 3-month follow-up
| Health status | Received EIP by follow-up, n=149 | Did not receive EIP, n=408 | Panel data: fixed effect regression†, n=552 | ||
| Baseline | 3-month follow-up | Baseline | 3-month follow-up | ||
| Financial distress score | 0.30 (0.90) | 0.41 (1.01) | 0.29 (0.81) | 0.33 (0.91) | 0.05‡ (−0.11 to 0.21) |
| Number of medical conditions | 2.69 (1.69) | 2.27 (1.65) | 1.91 (1.90) | 1.83 (1.54) | −0.35*‡ (−0.54 to −0.16) |
| PCL-5 scores | 15.65 (21.13) | 16.84 (21.18) | 16.78 (18.78) | 15.05 (18.40) | 2.20*‡ (0.22 to 4.17) |
| PHQ-2 scores | 1.22 (1.83) | 1.39 (1.88) | 1.46 (1.86) | 1.30 (1.86) | 0.26*‡ (0.04 to 0.48) |
| GAD-2 scores | 1.11 (1.81) | 1.15 (1.91) | 1.51 (1.82) | 1.34 (1.77) | 0.17‡ (−0.05 to 0.38) |
| AUDIT-C scores | 2.19 (2.40) | 3.79 (2.17) | 1.93 (2.38) | 4.06 (1.95) | −0.46*‡ (−0.91 to −0.00) |
| Any illicit drug use in the past month | 26 (51.2) | 32 (13.0) | 54 (9.5) | 33 (6.4) | 2.22§ (0.37 to 13.47) |
| Any suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks | 42 (14.6) | 57 (18.7) | 108 (18.9) | 97 (16.1) | 6.83*§ (1.89 to 24.71) |
Health status was measured after EIP receipt and other covariates included in the analysis (age, marital status, number of minors at home, employment status, income, veteran status, social support score, COVID-19 positive screen, psychiatric history and survey wave) occurred before or concurrently with measurement of health status.
*P<0.05.
†All fixed effect regressions were adjusted for age, marital status, number of minors at home, employment status, income, veteran status, MOS social support score, COVID-19 positive screen, psychiatric history and survey wave.
‡Regression coefficients from fixed effects linear regression with 95% CI.
§OR from fixed effect logistic regression with 95% CI.
AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption; EIP, economic impact payment; GAD-2, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2; MOS, Medical Outcomes Study; PCL-5, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire-2.