Sociodemographics
| Invitation group n=1000 | Control group n=1000 | P value* | |
| Sex n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 497 (49.7) | 497 (49.7) | |
| Female | 503 (50.3) | 503 (50.3) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 62.5 (6.1) | 62.5 (6.1) | 1.00 |
| Urbanicity n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| Capital city | 72 (7.2) | 72 (7.2) | |
| Small town | 406 (40.6) | 406 (40.6) | |
| Rural area | 522 (52.2) | 522 (52.2) | |
| Educational level n (%) | 0.21 | ||
| Elementary school (10 years) | 270 (27.0) | 251 (25.1) | |
| Secondary school including vocational education | 465 (46.5) | 466 (46.6) | |
| Short/medium further education | 187 (18.7) | 222 (22.2) | |
| Long further education | 59 (5.9) | 45 (4.5) | |
| None registered | 19 (1.9) | 16 (1.6) | |
| Employment status n (%) | 0.95 | ||
| Employed | 495 (49.5) | 502 (50.2) | |
| Unemployed | 140 (14.0) | 139 (13.9) | |
| Retired | 365 (36.5) | 359 (35.9) | |
| Annual income (€) n (%) | 0.77 | ||
| <26 800 | 421 (42.1) | 399 (39.9) | |
| 26 800–40 200 | 301 (30.1) | 308 (30.8) | |
| 40 201–67 000 | 217 (21.7) | 231 (23.1) | |
| >67 000 | 61 (6.1) | 62 (6.2) | |
| Wealth (€) | 0.21 | ||
| <11 800† | 450 (45.0) | 414 (41.4) | |
| 11 800–67 000 | 208 (20.8) | 210 (21.0) | |
| >67 000 | 342 (34.2) | 376 (37.6) | |
| CCI, mean (SD) | 0.54 (1.2) | 0.47 (1.1) | 0.17 |
| Living alone n (%) | 0.21 | ||
| No | 710 (71.0) | 735 (73.5) | |
| Yes | 290 (29.0) | 265 (26.5) |
*P values of a t-test (continuous variables) or χ2 test (categorical variables).
†Retired persons with a wealth below this amount are given a governmental economic aid corresponding to a maximum of 2350€.
CCI, Charlson’s Comorbidity Index.