Descriptive statistics by county’s urban–rural status, USA, 2013–2017
| All counties (n=1211) | Urban counties (n=775) | Rural counties (n=436) | ||||
| M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | |
| IMR (deaths per 1000 live births) | 7.19 (2.74) | 2.22–21.60 | 6.47 (2.20) | 2.21–19.66 | 8.68 (3.14) | 3.25–21.60 |
| Black IMR | 12.63 (4.71) | 3.97–48.78 | 11.91 (4.01) | 3.97–36.58 | 14.72 (5.83) | 5.19–48.78 |
| White IMR | 5.71 (2.42) | 1.12–30.44 | 5.17 (1.91) | 1.12–18.52 | 7.42 (3.02) | 2.67–25.64 |
| Absolute racial inequity in IMR (black IMR – white IMR) | 6.73 (4.32) | −7.48–30.44 | 6.74 (3.89) | −7.48–30.44 | 6.65 (5.94) | −7.09–25.97 |
| Relative racial inequity in IMR (black IMR/white IMR) | 2.44 (1.09) | 0.58–12.45 | 2.51 (1.04) | 0.58–12.45 | 2.10 (1.24) | 0.59–10.43 |
| White-to-black ratio in educational attainment | 2.10 (1.04) | 0.57–12.53 | 1.93 (0.91) | 0.64–12.57 | 2.39 (1.20) | 0.57–10.29 |
| White-to-black ratio in median household income | 1.74 (0.43) | 0.61–4.40 | 1.71 (0.45) | 0.61–4.40 | 1.81 (0.40) | 0.99–3.76 |
| Black-to-white ratio in jail incarceration | 4.77 (5.33) | 0.04–100.44 | 5.31 (6.08) | 0.23–100.44 | 3.81 (3.45) | 0.04–46.98 |
| Poverty, % | 17.37 (6.86) | 3.6–48.2 | 15.34 (6.15) | 3.60–48.20 | 20.98 (6.57) | 5.30–47.00 |
| College graduates, % | 23.96 (10.97) | 7.5–74.1 | 28.49 (10.61) | 8.10–74.10 | 15.92 (5.75) | 7.50–60.70 |
| Incarceration rate per 1000 | 4.20 (8.02) | 0.13–138.15 | 3.37 (6.29) | 0.25–138.15 | 5.69 (10.24) | 0.13–129.43 |
IMR, infant mortality rate; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.