Incidence rate ratios (IRR) showing the relative increase in age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality with each SD increase in relationship between vulnerability indicators and age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate for MSOAs in England
| IRR | 95% CI | ||
| Lower limit | Upper limit | ||
| Long-term health conditions (%) | 1.19*** | 1.15 | 1.22 |
| Overcrowding (%) | 1.11*** | 1.06 | 1.15 |
| Care home beds (up to 3 SD) (%) | 1.28*** | 1.26 | 1.31 |
| Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups (%) | 1.08*** | 1.03 | 1.13 |
Poisson model also adjusted for duration of epidemic, region and a linear spline for the care home variable above 3 SD.
*p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01.
MSOAs, Middle Super Output Areas.