HRs (95% CI) for the association between salivary cotinine and mortality in 36 584 non-smokers
| Salivary cotinine (ng/mL) | Salivary cotinine | P value for trend | Continuous salivary cotinine | ||
| Tertile 1 (low) | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | Per 10 ng/mL increase | ||
| Range | 0–0.1 | >0.1–0.5 | >0.5–14.9 | ||
| Mean | 0.03 | 0.32 | 2.01 | ||
| Total mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 814 | 701 | 850 | ||
| Age and sex adjusted | 1 (Ref) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.05) | 1.25 (1.14 to 1.38) | 0.001 | 1.74 (1.40 to 2.18) |
| Multiple adjusted* | 1 | 0.91 (0.83 to 1.01) | 1.18 (1.07 to 1.30) | 0.002 | 1.46 (1.16 to 1.83) |
| Cardiovascular disease mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 264 | 227 | 284 | ||
| Age and sex adjusted | 1 | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) | 1.33 (1.13 to 1.58) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.21 to 2.61) |
| Multiple adjusted* | 1 | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.09) | 1.22 (1.03 to 1.45) | 0.025 | 1.41 (0.96 to 2.09) |
| Cancer mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 275 | 216 | 288 | ||
| Age and sex adjusted | 1 | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.01 | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.42) | 0.036 | 1.73 (1.17 to 2.55) |
| Multiple adjusted* | 1 | 0.83 (0.69 to 0.99) | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.34) | 0.175 | 1.49 (1.00 to 2.22) |
| Smoking-related cancer mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 90 | 75 | 124 | ||
| Age and sex adjusted | 1 | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.23) | 1.57 (1.19 to 2.06) | 0.001 | 3.20 (1.95 to 5.22) |
| Multiple adjusted* | 1 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.19) | 1.43 (1.08 to 1.89) | 0.010 | 2.92 (1.77 to 4.83) |
*Adjusted for sex, age, survey, social class, long-standing illness and alcohol intake.