Relation between assets, COVID-19 financial stressor exposure and probable depression among US adults
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Beta | OR (95% CI) | |
| Assets | |||||
| Low | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.2) | 2.6 (1.8 to 3.7) | 1.4 | n/a | |
| High | – | – | – | – | |
| COVID-19 financial stressors | |||||
| Low | – | – | – | – | |
| High | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.9) | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.2) | 1.4 | n/a | |
| Assets*COVID-19 financial stressor indicator | −1 | n/a | |||
| Low assets, low stressors | 6.4 (4.0 to 10.3) | ||||
| Low assets, low stressors | 4.3 (2.6 to 6.9) | ||||
| High assets, high stressors | 4.2 (2.5 to 7.2) | ||||
| High assets, low stressors | 1 | ||||
Data: COVID-19 and Life stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being study collected from 31 March 2020 through 13 April 2020 (n=1441). Complete case analysis used for multiple logistic regression resulting in n=1327 for this model. Nationally representative of US adults ages 18 years and older.
All models controlled for age, race/ethnicity, sex and household size.
Probable depression defined as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score cut-off of ≥10.
Interaction indicator term: high or low assets*COVID-19 financial stressor exposure. High assets defined by having three or more of the following: household income (above $45 000), household savings (above $5000), home ownership, education (college or more) and being married. High COVID-19 financial stressor exposure defined by experiencing one or more of the following COVID-19 stressors: losing a job, having a family member lose a job, having financial difficulties and having difficulty paying rent. Low COVID-19 financial stressor exposure refers to the absence of endorsement of COVID-19-related financial stressor exposure.
Model 1 shows the odds of depression with no assets (not controlling for stressors). Model 2 shows the odds of depression with stressors (not controlling for assets). Model 3 shows the odds of depression with stressors and assets (no interaction term). Model 4 shows the odds of depression with stressors and assets and an interaction term between the two.
OR not given for variables where interactions are present since ORs are uninterpretable. Model parameters used to determine the relative odds of the relation between specific variables and depression.
n/a, not applicable.