City-level and individual-level characteristics by city-level SEI tertile
| Overall | Low SEI | Medium SEI | High SEI | P value | |
| City characteristics | |||||
| Number of cities | 232 | 98 | 64 | 70 | |
| City-SEI | 0.28 (–0.14, 0.46) | −0.36 (–0.76, –0.14) | 0.28 (0.18, 0.39) | 0.58 (0.46, 0.76) | <0.001 |
| SEI components | |||||
| % households with piped water | 89.9 (81.2, 95.0) | 77.8 (74.8, 87.0) | 90.8 (85.6, 95.3) | 94.2 (90.3, 95.5) | <0.001 |
| % households with sewage network | 78.3 (54.7, 88.0) | 52.7 (29.5, 78.3) | 75.6 (56.7, 88.0) | 87.2 (80.1, 94.4) | <0.001 |
| % households with overcrowding | 3.4 (2.1, 6.0) | 6.8 (3.7, 10.5) | 3.9 (2.4, 5.3) | 2.7 (1.7, 3.1) | <0.001 |
| % population 25 and older with at least primary education | 79 (72.9, 84.3) | 75.2 (69.7, 82.3) | 78.3 (72.7, 81.6) | 82.9 (76.3, 87.3) | <0.001 |
| Individual-level characteristics | |||||
| Number of survey respondents | 110 498 | 37 213 | 34 939 | 38 346 | |
| Age | 43 (34, 56) | 42 (33, 55) | 44 (35, 58) | 44 (34, 57) | <0.001 |
| Women % | 58.9 | 59.7 | 58.0 | 58.9 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes % | 8.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 8.1 | <0.001 |
| Education | |||||
| Less than primary % | 19.3 | 22.7 | 18.5 | 16.8 | <0.001 |
| Primary % | 33.2 | 28.3 | 34.2 | 37.1 | |
| Secondary % | 32.9 | 36.6 | 30.8 | 31.3 | |
| University % | 14.6 | 12.5 | 16.6 | 14.8 | |
| Survey respondents per country | |||||
| Argentina % | 16.7 | 4.0 | 34.2 | 13.2 | <0.001 |
| Brazil % | 27.5 | 31.3 | 29.7 | 22.0 | |
| Chile % | 2.2 | 0 | 0.1 | 6.2 | |
| Colombia % | 13.8 | 8.8 | 12.6 | 19.7 | |
| Mexico % | 21.2 | 18.5 | 22.8 | 22.3 | |
| Panama % | 8.4 | 7.6 | 0 | 69.3 | |
| Peru % | 9.1 | 26.2 | 0.8 | 0 | |
| El Salvador % | 1.2 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
We present median, 25th and 75th percentiles unless specified otherwise. P values were estimated using Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2 test for discrete variables. City-level SEI: Standardised sum of % of households with piped water, % of households with sewage network, %of household with overcrowding (reversed), and % of population 25 and older with at least primary education.