Sample characteristics and associations with subjective well-being at 2004/2005 (N=4134)
| Characteristic | n (%) or Mean±SD | Associations with enjoyment of life effect size, p value* | Associations with purpose in life effect size, p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| CASP enjoyment of life score | 14.23±1.75 | – | r=0.62, p<0.001 |
| CASP purpose in life score | 3.59±0.71 | r=0.62, p<0.001 | – |
| Age (years) | 64.97±8.99 | r=−0.05, p=0.003 | r=−0.03, p=0.040 |
| Sex (% women) | 2305 (55.8) | d=0.07, p=0.026 | d=0.04, p=0.231 |
| Total net financial wealth (£) | ɛ2=0.04, p<0.001 | ɛ2=0.01, p<0.001 | |
| Quintile 1 | 603 (14.6) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 638 (15.4) | ||
| Quintile 3 | 861 (20.8) | ||
| Quintile 4 | 977 (23.6) | ||
| Quintile 5 | 1055 (25.5) | ||
| Ethnicity (% white) | 4094 (99.0) | d=0.08, p=0.642 | d=0.01, p=0.894 |
| Marital/cohabitation status (% married or cohabiting) | 3023 (73.1) | d=0.29, p<0.001 | d=0.29, p<0.001 |
| Physical activity per week | ɛ2=0.03, p<0.001 | ɛ2=0.01, p<0.001 | |
| Light or none | 664 (16.1) | ||
| Moderate or vigorous 1/week | 1007 (24.4) | ||
| Moderate or vigorous >1/week | 2463 (59.6) | ||
| Smoking (% smokers) | 564 (13.6) | d=0.33, p<0.001 | d=0.21, p<0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (% <5 days/week) | 3097 (74.9) | d=0.13, p<0.001 | d=0.09, p=0.029 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.56±4.63 | r=−0.03, p=0.043 | r=0.01, p=0.409 |
| Hypertension cases (% yes) | 1698 (41.1) | d=0.11, p<0.001 | d=0.01, p=0.735 |
| CHD cases (% yes) | 400 (9.7) | d=0.21, p<0.001 | d=0.11, p=0.035 |
| HbA1c† (mmol/mol) | 36.2±2.46 | r=−0.05, p=0.004 | r=−0.04, p=0.007 |
| Depression casesa (% yes) | 526 (12.7) | d=0.93, p<0.001 | d=0.77, p<0.001 |
*Associations were tested with Pearson’s r correlations for continuous variables and independent samples t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis H tests for categorical variables.
†HbA1c (mmol/mol) levels equal to 5.46% ±0.44. an =4104.
BMI, body mass index; CASP, Control Autonomy Self-realisation Pleasure scale; CHD, coronary heart disease; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; kg/m2, kilograms per square metre; mmol/mol, millimoles per mole; n, number; SD, standard deviation.