Estimated per cent differences in IMR associated with city-level predictors (n=286)
| Single-exposure models | Multivariable‡‡ | Adjusted for healthcare§§ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Difference | 95% CI | % Difference | 95% CI | % Difference | 95% CI | |
| Population size* | −0.1 | −0.9 to 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 to 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 to 1.3 |
| Population growth rate† | −3.6 | −6.8 to −0.3 | −6.0 | −8.3 to −3.7 | −6.0 | −8.3 to −3.6 |
| Living conditions score‡ | −18.4 | −26.7 to −9.2 | −14.1 | −18.6 to −9.2 | −14.1 | −18.8 to −9.2 |
| Services provision score§ | −13.2 | −17.1 to −9.2 | −11.4 | −16.1 to −6.4 | −11.0 | −15.5 to −6.2 |
| Population educational attainment score¶ | −13.7 | −21.7 to −4.8 | 1.4 | −1.2 to 4.1 | 0.9 | −1.7 to 3.6 |
| Availability of mass transit** | −3.9 | −11.2 to 4.0 | −6.6 | −9.2 to −3.9 | −6.7 | −9.2 to −4.2 |
| MMR1 coverage†† | −0.1 | −0.2 to 0.04 | ||||
*Population size is defined as 1SD higher the population in 2010.
†Population growth rate is defined as 1SD higher annual difference in population size from 2010 to 2015.
‡Living conditions score includes per cent of households with piped water in the dwelling, per cent of households with overcrowding (3+ per room) in the house and per cent of population aged 15–17 years attending school;
§Services provision score includes per cent of households with water connected to municipal network and per cent of households with sewage system connected to municipal network.
¶Population-level educational attainment score includes per cent of population aged 25 years or above with complete high school level or above, per cent of population aged 25 years or above with complete university level or above.
**Mass transit availability refers to the presence of either subway or bus rapid transit networks.
††MMR1 coverage represents the percentage of 1-year-old children, who received the first dose of MMR1 among overall population of 1-year-olds.
‡‡Multivariable model includes all city-level predictors except MMR1 coverage.
§§Includes all variables in multivariable model and MMR1 coverage.
Estimates correspond to per cent differences in IMR for 1SD higher SE scores, population size and growth, 1% higher MMR1 coverage and the availability of mass transit.
IMR, infant mortality rate; MMR1, first dose measles–mumps–rubella vaccine; SE, socioeconomic; 1SD, one SD.