Multivariate associations examining demographic, social and socioeconomic factors with breadth and pattern of OLTAs based on multilevel linear and logistic regression models
| Breadth of OLTA participation | Pattern of OLTA participation | |||||||
| Number of OLTAs* | OLTA non-sport (no OLTA=ref.) | OLTA sport (no OLTA=ref.) | OLTA both (no OLTA=ref.) | |||||
| β | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Fixed effects | ||||||||
| Constant | 1.65 | 1.50 to 1.80 | 1.60 | 1.27 to 2.00 | 0.96 | 0.76 to 1.21 | 2.09 | 1.47 to 2.96 |
| Sex (girl=ref.) | −0.05 | −0.07 to −0.03 | 0.43 | 0.40 to 0.46 | 1.91 | 1.80 to 2.03 | 0.90 | 0.85 to 0.96 |
| Age (11 years=ref.) | ||||||||
| 13 | −0.22 | −0.25 to −0.20 | 0.80 | 0.73 to 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.76 to 0.92 | 0.63 | 0.59 to 0.69 |
| 15 | −0.46 | −0.49 to −0.43 | 0.52 | 0.48 to 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.55 to 0.65 | 0.32 | 0.29 to 0.35 |
| Relative FAS (low FAS=ref.) | ||||||||
| Medium FAS | 0.22 | 0.20 to 0.25 | 1.51 | 1.40 to 1.63 | 1.59 | 1.48 to 1.71 | 1.91 | 1.77 to 2.05 |
| High FAS | 0.49 | 0.46 to 0.53 | 1.88 | 1.69 to 2.10 | 2.66 | 2.41 to 2.93 | 3.68 | 3.34 to 4.07 |
| Family structure (nuclear family=ref.) | ||||||||
| Single-parent family | −0.08 | −0.11 to −0.05 | 0.80 | 0.74 to 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.71 to 0.83 | 0.74 | 0.69 to 0.80 |
| Stepfamily | −0.12 | −0.16 to −0.08 | 0.78 | 0.70 to 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.70 to 0.86 | 0.71 | 0.64 to 0.79 |
| Non-parental family | −0.01 | −0.08 to 0.06 | 0.67 | 0.55 to 0.81 | 0.68 | 0.57 to 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.64 to 0.90 |
| Random effects | ||||||||
| Variance (SD) | ||||||||
| Country-level | 0.05 (0.23) | 0.08 (0.28) | 0.09 (0.30) | 0.26 (0.51) | ||||
| School-level | 0.08 (0.28) | 0.20 (0.45) | 0.17 (0.42) | 0.45 (0.67) | ||||
Nine countries from the 2017/2018 HBSC survey (n=48 437).
Data are beta coefficients (β) or OR and 95% CI.
Statistically significant values (p<0.05) are indicated in bold.
*Range: 0–6.
CI, confidence interval; FAS, Family Affluence Scale; HBSC, Health Behaviour in School-aged Children; OLTA, organised leisure-time activity; OR, odds ratio; ref., reference category; SD, standard deviation.