Table 4

Association between famine exposure and sensory impairments stratified by famine severity

	Unexposed	Fetal-exposed	Childhood-exposed
	Unexposed	Fetal-exposed	Early childhood	Mid childhood	Late childhood
Visual impairment
Severely famine-affected areas
OR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref.)	1.60 (0.67 to 3.83)	1.14 (0.32 to 4.11)	1.23 (0.44 to 3.45)	1.61 (0.78 to 3.32)
Less famine-affected areas
OR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref.)	1.13 (0.64 to 2.01)	1.27 (0.45 to 3.56)	0.68 (0.31 to 1.50)	0.88 (0.50 to 1.56)
P value for interaction term		0.562	0.217	0.917	0.759
Hearing impairment
Severely famine-affected areas
OR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref.)	1.78 (0.96 to 3.27)	2.77 (1.05 to 7.33)	2.80 (1.29 to 6.12)	2.50 (1.47 to 4.31)
Less famine-affected areas
OR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref.)	1.34 (0.83 to 2.16)	0.80 (0.34 to 1.84)	1.04 (0.54 to 2.00)	1.38 (0.86 to 2.21)
P value for interaction term		0.501	0.146	0.372	0.409
Dual sensory impairments
Severely famine-affected areas
OR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref.)	1.56 (0.86 to 2.82)	2.75 (1.06 to 7.14)	2.72 (1.26 to 5.88)	2.17 (1.27 to 3.70)
Less famine-affected areas
OR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref.)	1.32 (0.82 to 2.14)	0.72 (0.31 to 1.66)	0.79 (0.41 to 1.52)	1.23 (0.76 to 1.97)
P value for interaction term		0.703	0.236	0.363	0.471

Interaction term: interaction between famine severity and different life stages of famine exposure. Model adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking, drinking, depressive symptoms, self-reported current health conditions, health status in childhood, hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease and heart diseases.
ref., reference group.