Table 2

Survey Cox regression model of factors associated with postnatal (6 weeks to 18 months) MTCT and ‘MTCT-or-death’

	Postnatal MTCT*‡		‘MTCT-or-death’*
Characteristics	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Maternal
Maternal age	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0.82	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	0.70
Married/cohabiting mother	1.1 (0.5–2.2)	0.81	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	0.47
Maternal ART-use†	0.6 (0.3–1.2)†	0.15	0.8 (0.6–1.2)†	0.32
Socio-economic (at baseline)
No transport available to clinic	0.6 (0.3–1.1)	0.09	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.64
Unpiped water	1.8 (0.8–4.1)	0.15	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	0.16
No flush toilet	0.7 (0.3–1.3)	0.25	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.90
Did not run out of food	1.0 (0.4–2.3)	0.95	1.7 (1.0–2.9)	0.06
No refrigerator	1.0 (0.3–3.2)	1.00	1.7 (1.1–2.9)	0.03
Infant
EBF ref: formula	2.3 (1.0–5.2)	0.049	0.9 (0.6–1.3)†	0.55
MF ref: formula	3.7 (1.2–11.4)	0.03	1.6 (0.8–2.9)†	0.18
Infant NVP use at 6 weeks	0.4 (0.1–1.0)	0.06	0.4 (0.2–0.9)	0.02
Infant male gender	0.8 (1.0–5.6)	0.06	1.3 (0.8–1.9)	0.24
No other infant medication use, other than NVP	0.7 (0.3–1.8)	0.43	1.3 (0.7–2.4)	0.45
Health service access/quality
Mother not tested for CD4	2.7 (1.5–5.6)	0.002**	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	0.18
No documentation of maternal HIV-status on infants’ RTHB	2.2 (1.0–4.7)	0.04**	1.5 (0.9–2.4)	0.09
Mother did not receive ARV during pregnancy	1.2 (0.6–2.4)	0.56	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	0.37
Birth location not in a clinic	0.6 (0.4–1.9)	0.77	1.1 (0.7–1.6)	0.70

*A total of 2240 observations used with 34 events. Wald statistic <0.0001; 2533 observations used with 96 events; Wald statistic=0.0002.
†Time-dependent covariate. All remaining variables were from the baseline interview.
‡Excludes infections detected at 6 weeks post-delivery **p<0.05.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; ARV, antiretroviral drug; MTCT, mother-to-child transmission of HIV,NVP, nevirapine, EBF—exclusive breastfeeding, RTHB—Road-to-Health