Association between change in employment protection and pathways out of paid employment among higher-, intermediate- or lower-educated workers in 23 European countries of a rotating panel (EU-SILC) between 2003 and 2014
| Increase in exit from paid employment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | Early retirement | Disability | Economic inactivity | All pathways | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Decrease in employment protection of permanent workers | |||||
| Among higher educated workers | 0.67 (0.34–1.30) | 4.04 (1.88–8.66) | 1.23 (0.58–2.57) | 1.41 (0.80–2.47) | 1.22 (0.91–1.63) |
| Among intermediate educated workers | 0.86 (0.45–1.66) | 3.01 (1.41–6.40)* | 1.50 (0.84–2.66) | 1.27 (0.72–2.25) | 1.26 (0.95–1.67) |
| Among lower educated workers | 0.97 (0.46–2.04)* | 3.47 (1.79–6.75) | 1.61 (0.94–2.75) | 1.15 (0.69–1.92) | 1.34 (0.94–1.93) |
| Decrease in employment protection of temporary workers | |||||
| Among higher educated workers | 1.21 (0.95–1.54) | 6.21 (2.82–13.66) | 1.30 (0.81–2.08) | 1.14 (0.68–1.94) | 1.53 (1.17–2.00) |
| Among intermediate educated workers | 1.29 (0.99–1.69) | 5.74 (2.81–11.74) | 1.32 (0.80–2.18) | 1.02 (0.57–1.81) | 1.50 (1.15–1.96) |
| Among lower educated workers | 1.47 (1.13–1.90)* | 6.40 (3.26–12.53) | 1.38 (0.83–2.30) | 0.94 (0.51–1.75) | 1.63 (1.24–2.15) |
OLS regression models including age, sex, education, GDP and employment protection×education with fixed effects for country and year.
*Interaction employment protection×education (p<0.05).
See online supplementary table S5 for the value of OR’s for interactions.
EU-SILC, European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions; GDP, gross domestic product; OLS, ordinary least squares.