Age cohort-specific associations between average crime exposure, change in crime exposure and mental health outcomes
| Total sample (n=112 251) | Stayers (n=80 958) | Past movers† (n=15 940) | Recent movers‡ (n=15 353) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average crime exposure ( ) | Change in crime exposure ( ) | Average crime exposure ( ) | Change in crime exposure ( ) | Average crime exposure ( ) | Change in crime exposure ( ) | Average crime exposure ( ) | Change in crime exposure (
) | |
| Self-reported mental-health | ||||||||
| 16–30 years old | 1.84 (1.54–2.21) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.92 (1.54–2.41) | 1.11 (1.00–1.22) | 1.34 (0.99–1.83) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 2.18 (1.49–3.20) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
| 31–45 years old | 1.41 (1.20–1.65) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 1.26 (1.03–1.54) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.89 (1.20–2.98) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.60 (1.09–2.34) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) |
| 46–60 years old | 1.32 (1.10–1.58) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.27 (1.06–1.52) | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | 1.49 (0.87–2.54) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.18 (0.64–2.16) | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) |
| Antidepressant prescriptions | ||||||||
| 16–30 years old | 1.30 (1.16–1.45) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 1.41 (1.21–1.64) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 1.29 (0.99–1.67) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) |
| 31–45 years old | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 1.22 (0.97–1.53) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 1.54 (1.16–2.05) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) |
| 46–60 years old | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 1.20 (0.79–1.83) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.93 (0.63–1.36) | 1.03 (0.97–1.11) |
| Antipsychotic prescriptions | ||||||||
| 16–30 years old | 1.19 (0.93–1.52) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 1.26 (0.80–1.96) | 1.23 (0.88–1.73) | 0.98 (0.50–1.95) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 1.32 (0.71–2.44) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) |
| 31–45 years old | 1.30 (0.95–1.77) | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 1.14 (0.79–1.63) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 0.97 (0.45–2.08) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 2.44 (1.20–4.97) | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) |
| 46–60 years old | 1.22 (0.90–1.66) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 1.31 (0.93–1.84) | 0.12 (0.93–1.34) | 0.71 (0.18–2.87) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.73 (0.22–2.38) | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) |
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study.
Note: Age cohorts relate to age in 2001. Bold text indicates significant associations (p<0.05). Average crime exposure is log10-transformed, change in crime exposure is standardised. Models were fitted with logistic regression applying cluster robust estimation at local authority level; estimates are expressed in OR with 95% CI. Models included average and change variables at the same time and were adjusted for sex, age (and age-squared in the non-stratified total sample), 2001 baseline covariates (ethnicity, education, social class, employment, marital status, living status, long-term illness), psychiatric inpatient service use in 2001/2003, 2001–2011 change indicators (gained higher level of education; separated, divorced or widowed; started to live alone; became unemployed or left labour force) and social grade in 2011.
†Main residential location changed between 2004/2006 and 2007/2009.
‡Main residential location changed between 2007/2009 and 2010/2012.