All housing groups | Social housing group | Intermediate housing group | Market-rent housing group | Interaction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difference (95% CI) | P value | Difference (95% CI) | P value | Difference (95% CI) | P value | Difference (95% CI) | P value | term | |
Built environment characteristics (n=790) * | |||||||||
Distance to closest park | −528 (−575, −482) | <0.001 | −581 (−649, −512) | <0.001 | −439 (−513, −366) | <0.001 | −612 (−737, −487) | <0.001 | 0.01 |
TfL PTAL score | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | <0.001 | 1.4 (0.9, 1.8) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.8, 2.8) | <0.001 | 0.6 (−0.2, 1.4) | 0.13 | <0.001 |
Walkability | 2.1 (1.9, 2.4) | <0.001 | 1.8 (1.4, 2.2) | <0.001 | 2.5 (2.1, 3.0) | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.4, 2.9) | <0.001 | 0.09 |
Neighbourhood perception scales (n=877)† | |||||||||
Safety | 3.4 (2.9, 3.9) | <0.001 | 3.4 (2.7, 4.2) | <0.001 | 3.9 (3.0, 4.7) | <0.001 | 2.2 (0.9, 3.4) | <0.001 | 0.10 |
Quality | 5.0 (4.5, 5.4) | <0.001 | 5.3 (4.6, 6.0) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.7, 5.3) | <0.001 | 5.0 (3.8, 6.2) | <0.001 | 0.33 |
Estimates of the difference between East Village and control groups are from multilevel models adjusting for sex, age group and ethnicity with household as a random effect.
*Built environment variables were available for 790 living in the Greater London area at baseline and at follow-up. Distance to closest park from choice of local, district and metropolitan parks. PTAL is a Transport for London (TfL) score assessing the availability of public transport options, where a high score indicates good public transport links. Walkability is the sum of three z-transformed variables—land-use mix, residential density and street connectivity.
†Neighbourhood perception scores are scored −10 to +10 for safety and −12 to +12 for quality; higher scores indicate less perceived crime and higher perceived quality.