Table 4

HRs (95% CI) of risk of death from all causes according to standardised scores for attitudes to ageing at age 72 years, adjusted for brain-PAD and covariates (n=622)

AdjustmentsAttitudes to ageing scales (per SD)
Physical change†p/pFDR Psychosocial loss†p/pFDR Psychological growth†p/pFDR
Age and sex0.64 (0.53 to 0.77)<0.001/0.0031.44 (1.21 to 1.70)<0.001/0.0030.88 (0.73 to 1.06)0.169/0.195
Age, sex and brain-PAD0.65 (0.54 to 0.78)<0.001/0.0031.42 (1.20 to 1.69)<0.001/0.0030.89 (0.74 to 1.07)0.217/0.235
Age, sex and education0.65 (0.54 to 0.79)<0.001/0.0031.41 (1.18 to 1.67)<0.001/0.0030.84 (0.70 to 1.02)0.076/0.106
As above plus brain-PAD0.67 (0.56 to 0.81)<0.001/0.0031.39 (1.17 to 1.66)<0.001/0.0030.84 (0.70 to 1.02)0.085/0.116
Age, sex, smoking and alcohol0.66 (0.55 to 0.80)<0.001/0.0031.36 (1.15 to 1.61)<0.001/0.0030.88 (0.73 to 1.06)0.165/0.194
Age, sex, smoking and alcohol plus brain-PAD0.68 (0.56 to 0.81)<0.001/0.0031.35 (1.14 to 1.60)0.001/0.0020.89 (0.74 to 1.06)0.194/0.133
Age, sex, chronic disease and walking speed0.69 (0.57 to 0.84)<0.001/0.0031.34 (1.12 to 1.60)0.001/0.0020.87 (0.73 to 1.05)0.140/0.168
Age, sex, chronic disease and walking speed plus brain-PAD0.71 (0.58 to 0.86)<0.001/0.0031.34 (1.12 to 1.60)0.001/0.0020.88 (0.73 to 1.06)0.180/0.204
Age, sex, anxiety and depression0.68 (0.56 to 0.82)<0.001/0.0031.36 (1.11 to 1.67)0.003/0.0060.93 (0.77 to 1.13)0.477/0.492
Age, sex, anxiety and depression plus brain-PAD0.68 (0.56 to 0.82)<0.001/0.0031.37 (1.12 to 1.67)0.002/0.0040.94 (0.78 to 1.13)0.489/0.497
All*0.76 (0.62 to 0.92)0.006/0.0111.27 (1.04 to 1.55)0.020/0.0330.88 (0.73 to 1.07)0.196/0.216
  • *Age, sex, brain-PAD, educational attainment, total number of chronic diseases, time taken to walk 6 metres, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, HADS anxiety score, HADS depression score.

  • †pFDR is the p value corrected for multiple comparisons using the False Discovery Rate.

  • Brain-PAD, brain-predicted age difference; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.