Rate ratio of smoking and mediation by chronic financial stress (N=11 778/person-wave=19 918)
| Models | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Proportion explained |
| Adult SES | |||||
| <25th quartile (most disadvantageous) | 4.366*** | 4.103*** | 3.178*** | 3.343*** | 0.304*** |
| (3.354 to 5.683) | (3.150 to 5.343) | (2.428 to 4.160) | (2.472 to 4.520) | (0.132 to 0.476) | |
| 25th−50th | 3.091*** | 2.944*** | 2.529*** | 2.324*** | 0.367*** |
| (2.443 to 3.911) | (2.328 to 3.723) | (1.991 to 3.213) | (1.736 to 3.109) | (0.204 to 0.529) | |
| 50th−75th | 2.115*** | 2.055*** | 1.856*** | 1.796*** | 0.286* |
| (1.705 to 2.623) | (1.658 to 2.548) | (1.503 to 2.293) | (1.360 to 2.373) | (0.051 to 0.520) | |
| >75th quartile (least disadvantageous) (ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Chronic stress | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.188** | 1.126* | 1.247** | ||
| (1.064 to 1.327) | (1.007 to 1.258) | (1.079 to 1.440) | |||
| Sense of control | |||||
| Mastery | 1.048 | ||||
| (0.997 to 1.102) | |||||
| Constraints | 1.075** | ||||
| (1.026 to 1.127) | |||||
| Social support | |||||
| Positive | 0.886 | ||||
| (0.781 to 1.004) | |||||
| Negative | 0.946 | ||||
| (0.851 to 1.052) | |||||
Rate ratio; 95% CI in parentheses.
Model 1 is adjusted for baseline variables, namely, age, sex, race, early-life SES.
Model 2 is adjusted for baseline variables and chronic financial stress.
Model 3 is model 2 with additional adjustments for baseline variables and time-varying confounders.
Model 4 is a marginal structural model estimating the controlled direct effect using inverse probability weighting.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
ref, reference; SES, socioeconomic status.